Genetic and Antigenic Typing of Seasonal Influenza Virus Breakthrough Cases from a 2008-2009 Vaccine Efficacy Trial

Durviaux, Serge; Treanor, John J.; Beran, Jiřı́; Duval, Xavier; Esen, Meral; Feldman, Gregory; Frey, Sharon E.; Launay, Odile; Leroux‐Roels, Geert; McElhaney, Janet E.; Nowakowski, Andrzej; Ruíz-Palacios, Guillermo M.; Essen, G A van; Oostvogels, Lidia; Devaster, Jeanne-Marie; Walravens, Karl

doi:10.1128/cvi.00544-13

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…However, a comparison of antigenic and genetic maps showed that the antigenic impact of genetic changes varies. Thus, not all amino acid substitutions in HA sequences, including those at ABSs, equally affect antigenic properties [ 315 , 316 ]. An ideal sequence-based strategy for vaccine strain selection is to quantify antigenic distances directly using protein sequences (Fig.…”

Section: Influenzamentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigenic characterization of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses

2021

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Antigenic characterization of emerging and re-emerging viruses is necessary for the prevention of and response to outbreaks, evaluation of infection mechanisms, understanding of virus evolution, and selection of strains for vaccine development. Primary analytic methods, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent/lectin assays, hemagglutination inhibition, neuraminidase inhibition, micro-neutralization assays, and antigenic cartography, have been widely used in the field of influenza research. These techniques have been improved upon over time for increased analytical capacity, and some have been mobilized for the rapid characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 virus as well as its variants, facilitating the development of highly effective vaccines within 1 year of the initially reported outbreak. While great strides have been made for evaluating the antigenic properties of these viruses, multiple challenges prevent efficient vaccine strain selection and accurate assessment. For influenza, these barriers include the requirement for a large virus quantity to perform the assays, more than what can typically be provided by the clinical samples alone, cell- or egg-adapted mutations that can cause antigenic mismatch between the vaccine strain and circulating viruses, and up to a 6-month duration of vaccine development after vaccine strain selection, which allows viruses to continue evolving with potential for antigenic drift and, thus, antigenic mismatch between the vaccine strain and the emerging epidemic strain. SARS-CoV-2 characterization has faced similar challenges with the additional barrier of the need for facilities with high biosafety levels due to its infectious nature. In this study, we review the primary analytic methods used for antigenic characterization of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 and discuss the barriers of these methods and current developments for addressing these challenges.

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Section: Influenzamentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigenic characterization of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses

2021

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“…The third vaccine is intranasally applied and consists of live-attenuated influenza viruses [ 17 , 18 ]. Surveillance studies over the past 15 years have revealed that next to the circulating A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 viruses, two antigenically distinct B virus types circulate: the so called B/Yamagata and B/Victoria lineages [ 19 , 20 ]. One of these two B lineage viruses tends to be dominant over the other during seasonal influenza.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

M2e-Based Universal Influenza A Vaccines

et al. 2015

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The successful isolation of a human influenza virus in 1933 was soon followed by the first attempts to develop an influenza vaccine. Nowadays, vaccination is still the most effective method to prevent human influenza disease. However, licensed influenza vaccines offer protection against antigenically matching viruses, and the composition of these vaccines needs to be updated nearly every year. Vaccines that target conserved epitopes of influenza viruses would in principle not require such updating and would probably have a considerable positive impact on global human health in case of a pandemic outbreak. The extracellular domain of Matrix 2 (M2e) protein is an evolutionarily conserved region in influenza A viruses and a promising epitope for designing a universal influenza vaccine. Here we review the seminal and recent studies that focused on M2e as a vaccine antigen. We address the mechanism of action and the clinical development of M2e-vaccines. Finally, we try to foresee how M2e-based vaccines could be implemented clinically in the future.

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“…Sequence similarity is insufficient to predict antigenic properties (Durviaux et al 2014;Lee et al 2007a;Lees et al 2010;Liao et al 2008). Structural similarity and physical chemistry attributes of the HA provide additional information to estimate the degree of antigenic similarity between related viruses.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigenic Analyses of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Viruses

Donis

2014

Influenza Pathogenesis and Control - Volume I

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In response to the ongoing threat to animal and human health posed by HPAI endemic in poultry, Asia (H5N1) and North America (H7N3) have revived efforts to reduce pandemic risk by disease control at the source and improved pandemic vaccines. Discovery of conserved neutralization epitopes in the HA, which mediate broad protection within and across HA subtypes have changed the paradigm of "broadly reactive" or "universal" vaccine design. Development of such vaccines would benefit from comparative antigenic analysis of viruses with increasing divergence within (and between) HA subtypes. A review of recent work to define the antigenic properties of HPAI viruses revealed data generated through an array of experimental approaches. This information has supported diagnostics and vaccine development for animal and human health. Further harmonization of analytical methods is needed to determine the antigenic relationships among multiple lineages of rapidly evolving HPAI viruses.

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Genetic and Antigenic Typing of Seasonal Influenza Virus Breakthrough Cases from a 2008-2009 Vaccine Efficacy Trial

Cited by 8 publications

References 50 publications

Antigenic characterization of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses

Antigenic characterization of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses

M2e-Based Universal Influenza A Vaccines

Antigenic Analyses of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Viruses

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