Genetic Analysis, Population Structure, and Characterisation of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from the Al-Hofuf Region of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR-KP) is a major public health problem that is globally associated with disease outbreaks and high mortality rates. As the world seeks solutions to such pathogens, global and regional surveillance is required. The aim of the present study was to examine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and clonal relatedness of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates collected for a period of three years through pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Isolate IDs, antimicrobial assays, ESBL-production, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were examined with the Vitek 2 Compact Automated System. IDs were confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, with the resulting sequences being deposited in NCBI databases. DNA was extracted and resistance genes were detected by PCR amplification with appropriate primers. Isolates were extensive (31%) and multidrug-resistant (65%). Pulsotype clusters grouped the isolates into 22 band profiles that showed no specific pattern with phenotypes. Of the isolates, 98% were ESBL-KP, 69% were carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) strains, and 72.5% comprised the carriage of two MBLs (SIM and IMP). Integrons (ISAba1, ISAba2, and IS18) were detected in 69% of the MDR-KP. Additionally, OXA-23 was detected in 67% of the isolates. This study therefore demonstrates clonal diversity among clinical K. pneumoniae, confirming that this bacterium has access to an enormous pool of genes that confer high resistance-developing potential.

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on Extended-Spectrum β-lactamases Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Nepal

“…8,81 K. pneumoniae is a leading cause of opportunistic healthcare-associated infections, which are increasingly complicated by the production of ESBL-enzymes by these bacteria. 12,82 In the present study, the pooled prevalence of ESBL-KP was 23%. Our result is in accordance with studies conducted in Bangladesh (25.335%) 83 and Sri Lanka (25%), 84 but higher in comparison to the study reported from Pakistan (15.25%).…”

“…8 The initial occurrences of ESBL-KP were reported in Europe in 1983 9 and the USA in 1989 10 and since then, there has been a continuous increase of K. pneumoniae-mediated cephalosporin-resistance around the world. [11][12][13] During the late 1980s, ESBL-KP outbreaks were mostly generated by TEM and SHV producers. 5,14 Recently, the CTX-M enzymesproducers have increased throughout the world.…”

Prevalence and Antibiogram Pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: An 11-Year Experience

“…Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a Gram-negative encapsulated bacterium that colonizes multiple sites of the human body, including the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, oral cavities, and skin [1]. K. pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen and a major cause of hospital-acquired infections, including bloodstream infections, urinary tract infections, and pneumonia [2].…”

“One Health” perspective on prevalence of co-existing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis

“…They are also known to cause several common infections in children, including gastroenteritis, urinary tract infections, septicaemia, and neonatal meningitis [ 16 , 22 ]. It is also known that K. pneumoniae is one of the most common bacteria that causes of opportunistic healthcare-associated infections, which are made worse by its ability to produce ESBL enzymes [ 23 , 24 ].…”