Genetic affinities among Mongol ethnic groups and their relationship to Turks

Abstract

The central Asian country Mongolia is home to more than 20 tribes and ethnic groups, some of which are related to neighboring Turkic populations. The main Mongolian people, Khalkha, live in central and eastern Mongolia while the Tsaatan minority lives in the north of the country. The Oold minority is from the western Altai mountain region and live in close proximity with Turkic people. We have typed the HLA-A, -B, -Cw, -DRB1 and -DQB1 loci by PCR-SSP in these three Mongolian populations as well as a sample of the German population. To examine their genetic relationships, a sample of the Turkish population already typed at the HLA-A, -B and -DRB1 loci were used. Altogether five populations were analyzed: Khalkha (n = 100), Tsaatan (n = 72), Oold (n = 52), German (n = 260) and (Anatolian) Turkish (n = 498). Nei's unbiased genetic identity (GI) and genetic distance (GD) were estimated from genotypes using PopGene v1.31, and dendrograms were constructed using phylip. The results suggested a close relationship of the Khalkha to the Tsaatan. The Turks and Germans were equally distant to all three Mongolian populations. These results confirmed the lack of strong genetic relationship between the Mongols and the Turks despite the close relationship of their languages (Altaic group) and shared historical neighborhood. This study has provided useful population data for genetic and anthropologic studies bridging eastern and western populations.

Association Between Human Leukocyte Antigen ( HLA ) With Chronic Renal Disease

“…Machulla et al were typed HLA A, B, CW,DRB1 and DQB1 locuses in mogolian population by PCR-SSP method. [23] They compared results with some societies. Their results were similar to Khalka, Tsactan; but different from Geman and Anatolian Turkish population.…”

Conserved extended haplotypes of the major histocompatibility complex: further characterization

“…Three of these samples from our previous newborn study (origin: South Wales, UK) 42 carried B*0801-DRB1*0301, B*1302-DRB1*0701 and B*4402-DRB1*0401, respectively; two samples from bone marrow donors from the Korea Marrow Donor Program (KMDP) 112 carried B*3701-DRB1*1001; two samples from a Mongolian population study 113 carried B*5801-DRB1*0301; and two samples from a Zambian HIV-1 transmission study 114 carried B*4201-DRB1*0302. All had the same HLA and non-HLA gene polymorphisms as the corresponding CEHs.…”

HLA-A allele frequency and haplotype distribution in the dravidian tribal communities of south India

“…[7][8][9] It is notable that A*24 is present with the highest frequency in all the tribal communities and North Indian population, but not in the other world populations. [7][8][9] A*31 has been reported to be the most frequent allele in the Dravidian caste groups of South India (TamilNadu), [20] however in the present study it was present only at a lower frequency in the RND group and mostly absent among the tribals. This shows that there might be considerable difference between the genetic make-up of Dravidian communities in TamilNadu and Kerala.…”

“…[4][5] Several investigators have used the HLA system to understand human genetic relatedness and migrations of different world populations. [4,[6][7][8][9] In an earlier study we have reported the HLA -B and -C polymorphism in various tribal communities of South India. [10] In the present study, we have analyzed the HLA-A allele frequency and HLA class I haplotypes in seven tribal populations of Kerala and one non-tribal population.…”