Genesis of Vanadium Ores in the Otavi Mountainland, Namibia

Boni, Maria; Terracciano, Rosario; Evans, Noreen J.; Laukamp, Carsten; Schneider, Jens; Bechstädt, Thilo

doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.102.3.441

Cited by 39 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Overall, the Miocene and Pliocene weathering events identified in this study fit fairly well with periods of laterite formation recognized for the African continent (Hénocque et al, 19 1998;van Niekerk et al, 1999;Colin et al, 2005;Boni et al, 2007;Beauvais et al, 2008;Decrée et al, 2010;Gutzmer et al, 2012 ).…”

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confidence: 85%

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The age of supergene manganese deposits in Katanga and its implications for the Neogene evolution of the African Great Lakes Region

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Ruffet

Yans

et al. 2015

Ore Geology Reviews

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International audienceSupergene manganese deposits commonly contain K-rich Mn oxides with tunnel structure, such ascryptomelane, which are suitable for radiometric dating using the 39Ar–40Ar method. In Africa, Mn depositshave been dated by this method for localities in western and southern parts of the continent, whereas onlysome preliminary data are available for Central Africa. Herewe present new39Ar–40Ar ages for Mnoxide samplesof the Kisenge deposit, in southwestern Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The samples represent supergeneMn oxide deposits that formed at the expense of primary Paleoproterozoic rhodochrosite-dominatedcarbonate ores. Main phases of Mn oxide formation are dated at c. 10.5 Ma, 3.6 Ma and 2.6 Ma for a core thatcrosses a mineralized interval. The latter shows a decrease in age with increasing depth, recording downwardpenetration of a weathering front. Surface samples of the Kisenge deposits also record a ≥c.19.2 Ma phase, aswell as c. 15.7 Ma, 14.2 Ma and 13.6 Ma phases. The obtained ages correspond to distinct periods of paleosurfacedevelopment and stability during the Mio-Pliocene in Katanga. Because Katanga is a key area bordered to theNorth by the Congo Basin and to the East by the East African Rift System, these ages also provide constraintsfor the geodynamic evolution of the entire region. For the Mio-Pliocene, the Kisenge deposits record ages thatare not systematically found elsewhere in Africa, although the 10.5–11 Ma event corresponds to a roughly simultaneousevent in the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. The rest of the Katanga paleosurface record differssomewhat fromrecords for other parts of Africa, forwhich older, Eocene ages have been obtained. This differenceis most probably related to the specific regional geodynamic context: uplift of the East African Plateau, with associatederosion, and the opening of the East African Rift System at c. 25 Ma are events whose effects, in thestudy area, interfere with those of processes responsible for the development of continent-wide paleosurfaces

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confidence: 85%

“…The pre-19 Ma phase that is tentatively recognized for Kisenge may correspond to the Oligocene phase (c. 25 Ma) that is documented for West Africa (Colin et al, 2005;Beauvais et al, 2008) and southern Africa (Boni et al, 2007;Gutzmer et al, 2012).…”

Section: Comparison With Other African Supergene Depositsmentioning

confidence: 76%

The age of supergene manganese deposits in Katanga and its implications for the Neogene evolution of the African Great Lakes Region

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Ruffet

Yans

et al. 2015

Ore Geology Reviews

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“…Vanadate [V(V)] ore minerals are associated with low temperature, non-sulfidic mineralization in parts of southern Africa, including Namibia (Boni et al, 2007), Zambia (Pelletier, 1930) and…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vanadate ore deposits located in the Otavi Mountainland, Namibia occur in fractures within host dolomite and were formed by precipitation from vanadate-bearing solutions circulating through karst bodies (Boni et al, 2007 (Boni et al, 2007). The deposits, now mined out, once contained several million tons of extractable V ore.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vanadium: Global (bio)geochemistry

et al. 2015

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“…Basalts of the Etendeka Group could have extended to the southern OML (Marsh et al 2003), and are related to the breakup of Gondwana and the formation of the South Atlantic Ocean in the Early Cretaceous. Cenozoic and Quaternary deposits were accumulated in post-Damaran karst structures (Pickford 1993(Pickford , 2000Boni et al 2007), and as aeolian Kalahari sands and calcrete cover.…”

Section: Post-damaran Successionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Cryogenian (Neoproterozoic) glacial and post-glacial successions at the southern margin of the Congo Craton, northern Namibia: facies, palaeogeography and hydrocarbon perspective

Bechstädt

Jäger

Spence

et al. 2009

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The geological paradox of at least two Neoproterozoic glacial intervals at tropical latitudes intercalated within carbonates remains an unsolved puzzle. Several conceptual models have been proposed to explain these apparent rapid swings between climatic extremes and the associated isotopic changes in sea-water chemistry. In Oman, post-glacial transgressive sedimentary successions represent important hydrocarbon source rocks. Source rock characteristics of Neoproterozoic post-glacial successions in other parts of the world (even if not directly correlatable) are, therefore, of special economic interest.This paper concentrates on the Ghaub Formation diamictite interval in northern Namibia and the major environmental change in the aftermath of the assumed glaciation. The relationship of the post-glacial sediments with the underlying different types of cap carbonate and diamictite successions is discussed, and a model of the succession of events is presented. The palaeotopography, caused mostly by ongoing tectonic activity including uplift on the scale of thousands of metres, strongly influenced the petroleum system created and played an important role for the hydrocarbon prospectivity of this post-glacial succession. Tectonic activity on the shelf of the southern margin of the Congo Craton was repeated, and different sub-basins were created before, during and after the Ghaub glaciation. The newly formed relief was flooded, and the different sub-basins were affected by restricted circulation for quite some time. This general scenario bears many similarities to the late Ordovician-early Silurian petroleum system, also formed during post-glacial sea-level rise.

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Genesis of Vanadium Ores in the Otavi Mountainland, Namibia

Cited by 39 publications

References 60 publications

The age of supergene manganese deposits in Katanga and its implications for the Neogene evolution of the African Great Lakes Region

The age of supergene manganese deposits in Katanga and its implications for the Neogene evolution of the African Great Lakes Region

Vanadium: Global (bio)geochemistry

Late Cryogenian (Neoproterozoic) glacial and post-glacial successions at the southern margin of the Congo Craton, northern Namibia: facies, palaeogeography and hydrocarbon perspective

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