High temperatures (HTs) during grain fi lling adversely impact grain yield and its end-use quality for wheat. HTs strongly reduce the expression of major enzymes associated with starch synthesis, whereas enzymes associated with defence against stress and protein folding are dramatically increased. Using proteomics tools, the effect of different temperature regimes on storage protein (SP) accumulation was investigated. HT signifi cantly decreased the quantity per grain of individual gliadin and glutenin spots, but at maturity the ratio of gliadin to glutenin was not modifi ed. HT during grain fi lling strongly reduced starch accumulation, modifi ed the size distribution of starch granules, and to a much lesser extent, reduced the quantity of total proteins per grain. The aggregation and polymerisation of SP was investigated using asymmetric fl ow fi eld fl ow fractionation. Previous analyses of near-isogenic hard/soft lines showed that characteristics of glutenin polymers were signifi cantly infl uenced by puroindoline alleles ( Pina-D1a and -D1b ), and proteomics analysis showed that a typical mechanism of unfolded protein response occurs in ER, resulting from stress during protein accumulation. Effects of alleles encoding puroindolines, HMW-GS and LMW-GS, and temperature during grain development on glutenin polymer characteristics, dough rheological properties, and bread loaf volume were investigated for 40 cultivars grown in six environments in France. A difference of only 2 °C in average daily air temperature between locations during the grain-fi lling period resulted in increased molecular mass of the glutenin