Genes encoding putative natural killer cell C-type lectin receptors in  teleostean fishes

Sato, Akie; Mayer, Werner E.; Overath, Peter; Klein, Jan

doi:10.1073/pnas.1235938100

Cited by 53 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A lectin-like, NK-cell-type receptor has been characterized in a protochordate 69 ; however, its sequence similarity to other NK-cell receptors is remote, and its function is unknown. Putative C-type-lectin NK-cell receptors have been reported in bony fish [70][71][72] ; however, they encode members of the type 2 family of C-type-lectin domains and not the type 5 family, in which mammalian NK-cell receptors are classified.…”

Section: Nk and Nk-type Receptors In Jawed Vertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing immune phylogeny: new perspectives

2005

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Numerous studies of the mammalian immune system have begun to uncover profound interrelationships, as well as fundamental differences, between the adaptive and innate systems of immune recognition. Coincident with these investigations, the increasing experimental accessibility of non-mammalian jawed vertebrates, jawless vertebrates, protochordates and invertebrates has provided intriguing new information regarding the likely patterns of emergence of immune-related molecules during metazoan phylogeny, as well as the evolution of alternative mechanisms for receptor diversification. Such findings blur traditional distinctions between adaptive and innate immunity and emphasize that, throughout evolution, the immune system has used a remarkably extensive variety of solutions to meet fundamentally similar requirements for host protection.The evolutionary development of the METAZOANS was associated with the diversification of a wide range of specialized cell-surface molecules that mediate key metabolic processes, as well as provide crucial contact interfaces and carry out a broad range of other essential functions. It is not unexpected that some of these molecules also came to function as barriers to pathogenic invasion and, in doing so, began to carry out dedicated innate immune protective functions. Whereas the simplest form of protection, barrier formation, is essentially mechanical in nature, relentless pressure from genetic variation in pathogens probably drove the evolution of such innate immune protective molecules towards diversification and, in parallel, towards integration of signalling pathways to regulate cellular responses to external stimulation. However, despite the sophistication that such innate immune mediators achieved over time, their biological complexity, by definition, would be limited by genome space, so with increasing complexity of body plan and/or increasing pathogen sophistication, they could be overwhelmed. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptMore than 500 million years ago, a TRANSPOSITION event, probably involving a recombinationactivating gene (RAG)-bearing element, might have given rise to the predecessors of the rearranging antigen-binding receptors of the jawed vertebrates, which encompass the vertebrate radiations that extend from the cartilaginous fish through to humans. This is considered the defining point in the emergence of RAG-mediated (conventional) adaptive immunity 1,2 , which has evolved to create a mechanism for deriving almost limitless variation from very few genes. Studies in traditional and non-traditional animal models, such as sharks, bony fish and birds, have brought this event and its ramifications for host defence into sharper focus. We can now predict much about how these rearranging antigenbinding receptors probably arose, what alternative pathways of immune-receptor gene evolution have occurred, what relationships exist between B-and T-cell-mediated immunity and natural killer (NK)-cell function, how complex immune ...

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Section: Nk and Nk-type Receptors In Jawed Vertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing immune phylogeny: new perspectives

2005

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“…These are described in earlier publications [12,15]. The BAC library prepared from sperm cells of a single O. niloticus has been described by Katagiri et al [16].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The BAC library prepared from sperm cells of a single O. niloticus has been described by Katagiri et al [16]. The isolation and use of the cDNA probe used for screening of the library have been described by Sato et al [12].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sequences were subjected to BLASTX and BLASTP searches against the nonredundant protein database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information. To find possible killer celllike receptor (cKLR) genes in the DNA sequence of one BAC clone, the genewise program [17] was applied and used to search the genomic region that can code for the proteins similar to the cKLR gene of P. chilotes [12]. An ab initio gene identification program, GENSCAN [18], was applied to find genes other than cKLR in these DNA sequences.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, we isolated cDNA clones from the cichlid fish Paralabidochromis chilotes which, when translated into protein sequences, proved to be homologous to mammalian C-type lectin NKCRs CD94 and NKG2 [12]. Genes homologous to these cDNAs could also be identified in another cichlid species, Oreochromis niloticus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clustering of C‐Type Lectin Natural Killer Receptor‐Like Loci in the Bony Fish Oreochromis niloticus

et al. 2004

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The genome of the cichlid (teleost) fish Oreochromis niloticus contains a set of genes which encode group V C-type lectin proteins homologous to the mammalian NKG2/CD94 family of natural killer (NK) cell receptors. To determine the genomic organization of these killer cell-like receptor (KLR) genes, an O. niloticus BAC library was screened with a cDNA probe derived previously from an expressed sequence tag of the related cichlid species Paralabidochromis chilotes. Four distinct KLR-bearing BAC clones were analysed, three of which could be assembled into a contig. One of the clones was sequenced in its entirety, whereas the others were partially sequenced to identify the KLR loci borne by them. Altogether, 28 distinct KLR loci were identified, of which at least 26 occupy a single chromosomal region, the KLR complex. One half of the loci appear to be occupied by pseudogenes. Compared to the human NK cell receptor complex, the Oreochromis KLR complex is more compact and, apart from transposons, appears to contain only KLR loci. The gene density of the complex is one KLR locus per 18 kb of sequence. All the KLR loci constituting the complex are derived from a single most recent common ancestor, which is estimated to have existed 7.7 million years ago. The 180 kb of the determined sequence is a mosaic of blocks of similar segments reflecting a complex history of duplications, deletions and rearrangements. The transposons found in the sequenced part belong to the TC1, Xena, CR1 and TX1 families.

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Human Natural Killer Receptors, Co‐Receptors, and Their Ligands

Biassoni

Malnati

2009

CP in Immunology

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In the last 20 years, the study of human natural killer (NK) cells has moved from the first molecular characterizations of very few receptor molecules to the identification of a plethora of receptors displaying surprisingly divergent functions. Our laboratory has contributed to the description of inhibitory receptors and their signaling pathways, important in fine regulation in many cell types, but unknown until their discovery in the NK cells. Inhibitory function is central to regulating NK-mediated cytolysis, with different molecular structures evolving during speciation to assure its persistence. Only in the last ten years has it become possible to characterize the NK triggering receptors mediating natural cytotoxicity, leading to an appreciation of the existence of a cellular interaction network between effectors of both natural and adaptive immunity. This report reviews the contemporary history of molecular studies of receptors and ligands involved in NK cell function, characterizing the ligands of the triggering receptor and the mechanisms for finely regulating their expression in pathogen-infected or tumor cells.

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Genes encoding putative natural killer cell C-type lectin receptors in teleostean fishes

Cited by 53 publications

References 35 publications

Reconstructing immune phylogeny: new perspectives

Reconstructing immune phylogeny: new perspectives

Clustering of C‐Type Lectin Natural Killer Receptor‐Like Loci in the Bony Fish Oreochromis niloticus

Human Natural Killer Receptors, Co‐Receptors, and Their Ligands

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