Generation of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide in insect hemolymph in the course of immune response

Komarov, Denis A.; Slepneva, Irina A.; Дубовский, И. М.; Grizanova, Ekaterina V.; Khramtsov, Valery V.; Глупов, В. В.

doi:10.1134/s0012496606060160

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…We can hypothesize that Galleria produced oxidative stress in response to Salmonella invasion, O 2 − being rapidly dismutated into H 2 O 2 and targeted to the bacterial cytoplasm as demonstrated by the induction of the PahpC-gfp fusion 30 min post-injection. A pervious study has reported the production of H 2 O 2 in the hemolymph of Galleria in the first hours after injection of Bacillus thuringiensis (Komarov et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Genetic Approach to the Study of Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Galleria mellonella During Salmonella Infection

Bismuth

Brasseur

Ezraty

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Over the last decade, an increasing number of reports presented Galleria mellonella larvae as an important model to study host-pathogen interactions. Coherently, increasing information became available about molecular mechanisms used by this host to cope with microbial infections but few of them dealt with oxidative stress. In this work, we addressed the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the immune system of G. mellonella to resist against Salmonella enterica, an intracellular pathogen responsible for a wide range of infections. We confirmed that Salmonella was pathogen for G. mellonella and showed that it had to reach a minimal bacterial load within the hemolymph to kill the larvae. ROS production by G. mellonella was revealed by the virulence defects of Salmonella mutants lacking catalases/peroxiredoxins or cytoplasmic superoxide dismutases, both strains being highly sensitive to these oxidants. Finally, we used bacterial transcriptional fusions to demonstrate that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was produced in the hemolymph of Galleria during infection and sensed by S. enterica. In line with this observation, the H2O2-dependent regulator OxyR was found to be required for bacterial virulence in the larvae. These results led us to conclude that ROS production is an important mechanism used by G. mellonella to counteract bacterial infections and validate this host as a relevant model to study host-pathogen interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Genetic Approach to the Study of Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Galleria mellonella During Salmonella Infection

Bismuth

Brasseur

Ezraty

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…•− ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), are generated [20,21]. Since ROS are toxic, cause an uncontrolled increase in lipid peroxidation, and damage DNA and protein molecules [22,23], they play a vital role in insect immunity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloak Scavenges the Reactive Oxygen Species around the Larvae of Drino inconspicuoides (Diptera: Tachinidae)

Zhang

Nakamura

Furukawa

2023

Insects

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Drino inconspicuoides (Diptera: Tachinidae) is an endoparasitoid that develops inside the lepidopteran host. When the larva of D. inconspicuoides penetrates into the host, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), the larva creates a cap-like structure, called the funnel, by using host hemocytes, forming a respiratory attachment to permit efficient respiration. A newly described cloudy and cottony structure, called the “cloak”, is formed outside the funnel within 24 h of parasitism. The cloak contains the host fat body and hemocytes. In this study, we aimed to clarify the function of the cloak, which has to date remained unknown. We hypothesized that the funnel generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) through melanization, and that the cloak detoxifies them. We confirmed that the black pigments of the funnel were caused by melanization, which inevitably generates ROS that are potentially harmful to the D. inconspicuoides larva inside the funnel. The cloak showed high activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase. These results suggest that the cloak scavenged the ROS from the melanized funnel through the diversion of antioxidant enzymes in the fat body, thereby protecting the D. inconspicuoides larva from oxidative damage.

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“…In species of Lepidoptera (e.g., Bombyx mori , Hyphantria cunea and Manduca sexta ), the ability of CTLs to participate in the immune response was studied by the following mechanisms: recognition of bacterial and yeast lipopolysaccharides [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], agglutination of bacteria and yeasts in the presence of Ca 2+ ions [ 13 , 14 ] and induction of the phenoloxidase cascade [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. The phenoloxidase cascade plays an important role in the immune response during the penetration of pathogens through the cuticle and encapsulation in hemolymph by the formation of melanin and production of highly toxic compounds, including semiquinone radicals [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the Ricin-B-Lectin LdRBLk in the Colorado Potato Beetle and an Analysis of Its Expression in Response to Fungal Infections

Rotskaya¹,

Kryukov²,

Kosman³

et al. 2021

JoF

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Ricin-B-lectins (RBLs) have been identified in many groups of organisms, including coleopterans insects, particularly the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (LdRBLs). We hypothesized that one of these LdRBLs (LdRBLk) may be involved in the immune response to fungal infections. We performed a theoretical analysis of the structure of this protein. Additionally, the expression levels of the LdRBlk gene were measured in L. decemlineata in response to infections with the fungi Metarhizium robertsii and Beauveria bassiana. The expression levels of LdRBlk in the L. decemlineata cuticle and fat body were increased in response to both infections. The induction of LdRBlk expression was dependent on the susceptibility of larvae to the fungi. Upregulation of the LdRBlk gene was also observed in response to other stresses, particularly thermal burns. Elevation of LdRBlk expression was frequently observed to be correlated with the expression of the antimicrobial peptide attacin but was not correlated with hsp90 regulation. Commercially available β-lectin of ricin from Ricinus communis was observed to inhibit the germination of conidia of the fungi. We suggest that LdRBLk is involved in antifungal immune responses in the Colorado potato beetle, either exerting fungicidal properties directly or acting as a modulator of the immune response.

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Generation of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide in insect hemolymph in the course of immune response

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Bacterial Genetic Approach to the Study of Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Galleria mellonella During Salmonella Infection

Bacterial Genetic Approach to the Study of Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Galleria mellonella During Salmonella Infection

Cloak Scavenges the Reactive Oxygen Species around the Larvae of Drino inconspicuoides (Diptera: Tachinidae)

Identification of the Ricin-B-Lectin LdRBLk in the Colorado Potato Beetle and an Analysis of Its Expression in Response to Fungal Infections

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