Generation of spatio-temporal extreme events in noise-like pulses NPE mode-locked fibre laser

Abstract

We experimentally study spatio-temporal generation of extreme events in the radiation of NPE mode-locked fibre laser generating noise-like pulses. We show that new pulses starts from high-intensity spatio-temporal structure which consist of mainly 3 subsequent pulses which are both separated over fast and slow evolution time. Statistical analysis of the noise-like pulse evolution over round-trips shows that the pulse width and intensity varies with a period of around 85 round-trips which does not change from pulse to pulse. The intensity probability density function has a heavy tail originated only from events of pulse formation.

Recent progress on optical rogue waves in fiber lasers: status, challenges, and perspectives

“…According to the formation mechanism, there are mainly three kinds of dissipative RWs generated in the fiber lasers. 98 The first type of RWs can be achieved via the chaotic structures among the NLPs. The second one is dark three-sister RWs, 99 and the third one is the pulse waves generated from the multiple-pulse interaction, 100,101 which have been identified as the aperiodically generated temporal structures.…”

Analysis of laser radiation using the Nonlinear Fourier transform

“…For instance, the dispersive Fourier transform (DFT) method for real-time spectral measurement 22 has been successfully used in fibre lasers for studying soliton explosions 26 , bound solitons 24,27 , and the complexities of mode-locking onset behaviour 28 . Further, measurements of spatio-temporal dynamics of intensity in fibre lasers 29,30 have revealed the existence of distinct spatio-temporal regimes of operation in ultralong fibre lasers 29,31 , proliferation of dark solitons in stretched pulse fibre lasers 29 , generation of spatio-temporal extreme events 32 and also interaction and collisions of solitons in multisoliton regimes 33 . The methodology of space-time duality 34 has been successfully exploited to realise time lenses for the study of integrable turbulence 35 , the direct observation of rogue waves 36 and in uncovering hidden universalities in soliton dynamics 37 .…”

Principles of operation of a passively mode-locked fiber ring laser and 3D mapping of ultra-short pulses

“…The behavior in time domain tends to present one pulse or a group of pulses with fixed temporal position over successive roundtrips, whereas the pulses associated with the other spectral component presents a temporal walk-off to the left or right. Besides, when only one spectral component exist, the 3D mapping measurement only shows pulses with fixed position over successive round-trips, as it can be observed for example in [34]; or in this case all pulses present a fixed temporal walk-off, as shown in [45]. This analysis is the essence and results of the reference [46].…”