Generalization of Acid‐Base Diagrams Based on the Unified pH‐Scale

Kahlert, Heike; Leito, Ivo

doi:10.1002/cphc.201900388

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Himmel et al [22] established a new unified Brønsted acidity scale at 1 bar and 298.15 K. Following the origin of the unified acidity scale, the scale has been extended for several solvent-water mixtures. Several studies [25][26][27][28] have investigated the new concept of a unified pH scale in non-aqueous, non-hydrogen bond donor solvents, such as in ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile, and also when mixed with water and saline solutions. Recently, a large European research group [29] developed and validated reliable and universally applicable measurement procedures for determining absolute pH.…”

Section: Hydrogen Ion Activity and Ph In Non-aqueous Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

pH, the Fundamentals for Milk and Dairy Processing: A Review

Aydogdu

O’Mahony

McCarthy

2023

Dairy

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The ability to measure and capture real-time unit operational data has significant benefits during dairy processing, whether it is the basics, such as measuring temperature, pressure, and flow rates, or more recent developments in the case of in-line viscosity and product-compositional measurements. This rapid data collection has helped increase profitability by reducing energy costs, minimizing product loss, and allowing automated control. Advances in technology have allowed for in-line measurements of the composition and some physical attributes such as particle size and viscosity; however, an attribute that spans both compositional and physical attributes is pH, directly influenced by composition but also environments, such as temperature and dry matter content. pH is measured for a plethora of reasons, such as a measure of milk quality (microbial spoilage), acidification of casein, cheese production, maintaining optimum conditions during protein hydrolysis, etc. However, very little is published on the fundamentals of pH and pH measurement in dairy processing; rather, it is usually a cause-and-effect phenomenon. This review visits one of the oldest analytical considerations in the dairy industry and re-examines how it is affected by product composition and processing conditions.

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Section: Hydrogen Ion Activity and Ph In Non-aqueous Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

pH, the Fundamentals for Milk and Dairy Processing: A Review

Aydogdu

O’Mahony

McCarthy

2023

Dairy

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“…Because pH is defined as a solution property, only liquids can exhibit a pH. pH is usually defined in terms of the autoionization of water, but the concept of pH can also be extended to neat nonaqueous solvents as long as they have some ability to donate a proton [ 160 ]. The solution pH affects chemical properties such as the protonation state of molecules in the solution and hence their potential to participate in chemical reactions or assembly into supramolecular structures.…”

Section: Physicochemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Physicochemical Consideration of Prebiotic Microenvironments for Self-Assembly and Prebiotic Chemistry

Saha

Fahrenbach

et al. 2022

Life

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The origin of life on Earth required myriads of chemical and physical processes. These include the formation of the planet and its geological structures, the formation of the first primitive chemicals, reaction, and assembly of these primitive chemicals to form more complex or functional products and assemblies, and finally the formation of the first cells (or protocells) on early Earth, which eventually evolved into modern cells. Each of these processes presumably occurred within specific prebiotic reaction environments, which could have been diverse in physical and chemical properties. While there are resources that describe prebiotically plausible environments or nutrient availability, here, we attempt to aggregate the literature for the various physicochemical properties of different prebiotic reaction microenvironments on early Earth. We introduce a handful of properties that can be quantified through physical or chemical techniques. The values for these physicochemical properties, if they are known, are then presented for each reaction environment, giving the reader a sense of the environmental variability of such properties. Such a resource may be useful for prebiotic chemists to understand the range of conditions in each reaction environment, or to select the medium most applicable for their targeted reaction of interest for exploratory studies.

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“…[17][18][19] However, plenty of recent literature reports are available that deal with aqueous and non-aqueous pK a data. [20][21][22][23] Nevertheless, the pK a values and pK a scale of a particular compound in various solvents may often be unavailable. From the aforementioned discussions, it is clear that visualization of acid-base equilibria and determination of pK a values have paramount importance for understanding the various chemical, biochemical processes and their applicability in versatile fields such as catalysis, [2] drug delivery, [11] material science [5] and sensing applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquids based Acid‐base Indicators for Aqueous to the Non‐Aqueous Medium: An Overview

Rahman

Das

2021

ChemistrySelect

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Visualizing acid-base equilibria and determining acid-base equilibrium constants (pK a ) in aqueous to the non-aqueous medium is essential for understanding the various chemical and biochemical processes. This mini review highlights the possibility of fine-tuning the traditional acid-base indicator dye's physicochemical properties into ionic liquids (ILs)-integrated ones to enhance their solubility and practical applications in a wide range of solvents. These include the high sensitivity towards acid and bases by virtue of its colour and spectral properties changes. ILs-based indicators could be used to determine the pK a values in aqueous to the non-aqueous medium from polar to non-polar ones by overlapping indicator method. This review provides an essential idea of the emerging challenges and openings that may motivate the scientific communities to move towards IL-integrated acid-base indicators and find their dissociation constants (pK Ind ) in any solvents depending on their solubility. The calculated pK Ind values could be used to determine the pK a values of different acids and bases in any solvents. It would also be beneficial to find a general trend of acidity and basicity from solvents to solvents using such types of indicators without alternating the main moiety. It will benefit the scientific communities to understand the pK a scales in different solvents.

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Generalization of Acid‐Base Diagrams Based on the Unified pH‐Scale

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

pH, the Fundamentals for Milk and Dairy Processing: A Review

pH, the Fundamentals for Milk and Dairy Processing: A Review

A Physicochemical Consideration of Prebiotic Microenvironments for Self-Assembly and Prebiotic Chemistry

Ionic Liquids based Acid‐base Indicators for Aqueous to the Non‐Aqueous Medium: An Overview

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