General Steady-State Analysis and Control Principle of Electric Springs With Active and Reactive Power Compensations

Tan, Siew‐Chong; Lee, Chi Kwan; Hui, S. Y. Ron

doi:10.1109/tpel.2012.2227823

Cited by 225 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The device can facilitate non-critical loads to provide grid services in respect of voltage and frequency. The general performance of the ES has been demonstrated in [17,18]. The results verified the capability and flexibility of the ES in supporting the voltage of a bus where critical ''load'' is allocated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Consensus control of electric spring using back-to-back converter for voltage regulation with ultra-high renewable penetration

Zheng

Zhang

Hill

et al. 2017

J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy

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Recent advances in a power electronic device called an electric spring (ES) provide feasible solutions to meeting critical customers' requirements for voltage quality. A new version of the ES was introduced based on a back-to-back converter (ESBC) configuration which extends the operating range and improves the voltage suppression performance to facilitate ultra-high renewable penetration. This paper proposes an efficient control method to facilitate the voltage regulation function of an ESBC with non-critical loads. Particularly, the proposed method is suitable for various load characteristics. We also develop a consensus algorithm to coordinate multiple ESs for maintaining critical bus voltage in distribution systems with ultra-high renewable penetration. The proposed operation of the ESBC is verified by simulation of a modified IEEE 15-bus distribution network. The results show that the ESBC can effectively regulate system voltage and is superior to the original version of the ES.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Consensus control of electric spring using back-to-back converter for voltage regulation with ultra-high renewable penetration

Zheng

Zhang

Hill

et al. 2017

J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy

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show abstract

“…This issue has been discussed in (Biegel et al 2013) by proposing an ON/OFF strategy for the appliances to enable primary reserve in both directions and considering three levels of user convenience, namely "optimistic," "conservative," and "probabilistic." A new concept of demand response referred to as "electric spring" has been proposed and developed by the authors of the works in (Lee, Cheng, and Ng 2013;Tan, Lee, and Hui 2013;Hui, Lee, and Wu, 2012). The authors of the electric spring system used power electronics technology to implement an innovative idea of "smart loads".…”

Section: Load-scale Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploitation of Battery Energy Storage in Load Frequency Control -A Literature Survey

Zurfi¹,

Zhang²

2016

American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

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Deregulation of the electricity market and the continued attempts by the international community to reduce the effects of global climate change have resulted in a rapid increase in the usage of different renewable forms of energy such as the wind and solar energy. The availability of such renewables is highly sporadic in nature. Consequently, their integration into the power system is a practice not without unfavorable impacts on the stability of the power system. The stability of the power system frequency is vulnerable to sudden imbalances between generation and demand. Therefore, the intermittent generation from the renewables imposes undesirable frequency fluctuations. Load Frequency Control (LFC) is the control scheme responsible for restoring system frequency to its rated value after any generation-demand imbalance that causes the frequency to deviate from the rated value. Therefore, efficient and fast LFC techniques are crucial. Utilization of Battery Energy Storage (BES) is one of the techniques applied to improve the performance of LFC due to its distinctive characteristics of fast response and high energy density. This paper is aimed to provide a succinct and comprehensive literature survey of the different concepts and strategies of the utilization of battery energy storage systems for LFC services. The study was conducted by reviewing, collating and interpreting numerous research papers on the relevant topics. Based on the BES scale, location, control, ownership and coordination with the system operator, the existing strategies are classified into two main categories: Grid-Scale Systems (GSS) and Load-Scale Systems (LSS). The LSS category is subclassified as Coordinated Aggregate Systems and Non-Coordinated Individual Systems. The survey theoretically discussed the advantages and disadvantages of each category from a technical perspective.

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“…Previous studies about ESs mainly focused on the single ES. In [5] and [6], the dynamic modeling and steady-state analysis of ES are given to prove the capability of ES in providing different types of power/voltage compensations to the load. A comparison between the ES and Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) shows that a group of ESs achieves better total voltage regulation than STATCOM with less overall reactive power capacity [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Control of Multiple Electric Springs for Voltage Control in Microgrid

Chen

Hou

Hui

2017

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

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Abstract-Dispersed distribution of many inverter-based Electric springs (ESs) over the power grid as a means to provide stability support for smart grid against high penetration of intermittent renewable power has been suggested recently. While single ES has its own local controller, their wide dispersion makes it difficult to coordinate their functions. In this paper, a novel distributed control method for adjusting the whole voltage level of ESs installed in the network is developed. Firstly, the specific control scheme for the single ES is designed to ensure good transient response and zero steady-state error. Combining with the consensus algorithm for ES reference voltage updating, the control strategy for multiple ESs is implemented, in which the inductor current is considered as the feedback variable to modify the output of the voltage controller. Compared with the conventional droop control, the scheme can maintain the voltage level of the critical load without sacrificing the voltage control accuracy. In addition, this algorithm guarantees system stability and optimal convergence speed. Simulation results show that the distributed voltage control can guarantee the overall coordination of parallel ESs under various operation conditions.

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General Steady-State Analysis and Control Principle of Electric Springs With Active and Reactive Power Compensations

Cited by 225 publications

References 14 publications

Consensus control of electric spring using back-to-back converter for voltage regulation with ultra-high renewable penetration

Consensus control of electric spring using back-to-back converter for voltage regulation with ultra-high renewable penetration

Exploitation of Battery Energy Storage in Load Frequency Control -A Literature Survey

Distributed Control of Multiple Electric Springs for Voltage Control in Microgrid

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