General Rules for Recording Endoscopic Findings of Esophagogastric Varices (2nd Edition)

Tajiri, Takashi; Yoshida, Hiroshi; Obara, Katsutoshi; Onji, Morikazu; Kage, Masayoshi; Kitano, Seigo; Kokudo, Norihiro; Kokubu, Shigehiro; Sakaida, Isao; Sata, Michio; Tajiri, Hisao; Tsukada, Kazuhiro; Nonami, Toshiaki; Hashizume, Makoto; Hirota, S; Matsumoto, Naoya; Moriyasu, Fuminori; Saigenji, Katsunori; Makuuchi, Hiroyasu; Oho, Kazuhiko; Yoshida, Tomoharu; Suzuki, Hiroaki; Hasumi, Akitake; Okita, Kiwamu; Futagawa, Shunji; Idezuki, Yasuo

doi:10.1111/j.1443-1661.2009.00929.x

Cited by 269 publications

(224 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The remaining 24 patients with unruptured GVs were treated prophylactically. Patients were eligible for prophylactic B-RTO if they had GVs with the red color sign, 21 increasing GV size, refractory hepatic encephalopathy due to GRS, and no renal failure. We additionally performed PSE combined with B-RTO in 23 patients (Group 1) with ambiguous indications such as splenomegaly or thrombocytopenia.…”

Section: Patients and Methods Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous combined balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration and partial splenic embolization for gastric fundal varices

et al. 2016

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Background: We previously reported the techniques and usefulness of simultaneous combined balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO) and partial splenic embolization (PSE), based on the hypothesis that concomitant PSE can diminish the increase in portal venous pressure after B-RTO. Objective: After experiencing more cases and performing longer-term follow-up, we re-evaluated the efficacy of simultaneous combined B-RTO and PSE for gastric fundal varices (GVs). Methods: We performed B-RTO in 36 consecutive patients treated for GVs from 2005 to 2013. Twenty-three patients underwent simultaneous combined B-RTO and PSE (Group 1) and 13 underwent B-RTO monotherapy (Group 2). The outcomes were retrospectively evaluated. Results: There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups except that the splenic volumes were larger in Group 1 than 2. B-RTO was technically successful in 21 of 23 patients (91.3%) in Group 1 and in 12 of 13 patients (92.3%) in Group 2. In all patients with ruptured GVs (six in Group 1 and five in Group 2), complete hemostasis was obtained by B-RTO. Exacerbation of esophageal varices was significantly less frequent in Group 1 than 2 (p ¼ 0.0017). Conclusion: Concomitant PSE with B-RTO may contribute to prevention of the exacerbation of esophageal varices after B-RTO.

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Section: Patients and Methods Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exacerbation of EV was defined as progression of more than one degree in the variceal form or red color sign according to the guidelines of the Japanese Society for Portal Hypertension. 21 …”

Section: Endpoints Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous combined balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration and partial splenic embolization for gastric fundal varices

et al. 2016

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“…The Child-Pugh score was 11 (grade C). Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy revealed the presence of gastric varices (GV) [Lg-cf, F2, Cw, RC0, according to the general rules for recording the endoscopic findings of esophagogastric varices (6)] with the absence of esophageal varices (EV). After admission, the infusion of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) was initiated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcoholic Liver Disease Complicated by Deep Bleeding into the Muscles or Retroperitoneum: Report of Three Cases and a Review of the Literature

et al. 2014

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We herein report three cases of alcoholic cirrhosis complicated by deep bleeding. In two of the three cases, intramuscular or retroperitoneal hematomas developed spontaneously. In contrast, in the remaining case, an intramuscular hematoma developed after trauma. In the former two patients, the intramuscular hematomas recurred at other sites during hospitalization. All three patients received conservative therapy, and one patient with a retroperitoneal hematoma underwent transcatheter arterial embolization. All of the patients eventually died of liver failure. The occurrence of severe alcoholic liver disease with deep bleeding has recently been reported with increasing frequency, and clinicians should bear this condition in mind as a life-threatening complication of alcoholic liver disease.

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“…Many risk factors have been reported for bleeding from esophageal varices .Systemic risk factors such as ascites, hepatic functional reserve, HCC and endotoxemia [7]. Local risk factors include esophagitis, degree of gastropathy, size of the varices, red colour sign, [8] alcohol and the use of an NSAID. The hemodynamic factors as high portal pressure, [9] and high intravariceal pressure with variceal wall tension [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Hellicobacter Pylori Infection Increase the Risk of Variceal Bleeding in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis?

ELGhany¹

2018

JLRDT

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Background and Study Aims: Gastro-oesphageal varices carry high risk of bleeding which may be fatal in some circumstances. Many patients with varices have Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection in their gastric mucosa. The relationship between H.pylori infection and the incidence of upper GIT bleeding was not well studied. Our study was aimed to study the role of H.pylori infection in gastro-oesphageal variceal bleeding. Patients and Methods:The subjects were 392 cirrhotic patients who were admitted to the Zagazig University Hospital to treat their gastro-oesphageal varices, consisted of 190 with upper GIT bleeding (bleeder group) and 202 with non bleeding episodes but came for prophylactic purposes either primary or secondary prevention (non bleeder group). For the diagnosis of H. pylori infection, rapid urease test was done for endoscopic gastric biopsies.Results: Gastro-oesphageal variceal bleeding was seen in 31.6 % (n = 60) of the H.pylori infected patients and in 68.4% (n = 130) of the no infected patients (total number was 190 patients) (P < 0.001). The H.pylori infection was associated with low incidence of bleeding in patients with gastro-eosphageal varices. Conclusion:These results suggest that H.pylori infection may have a protective effect against gastro-esophageal variceal bleeding.

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General Rules for Recording Endoscopic Findings of Esophagogastric Varices (2nd Edition)

Cited by 269 publications

References 5 publications

Simultaneous combined balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration and partial splenic embolization for gastric fundal varices

Simultaneous combined balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration and partial splenic embolization for gastric fundal varices

Alcoholic Liver Disease Complicated by Deep Bleeding into the Muscles or Retroperitoneum: Report of Three Cases and a Review of the Literature

Can Hellicobacter Pylori Infection Increase the Risk of Variceal Bleeding in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis?

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