General Features of Autoimmune Disease

Davidson, Anne; Diamond, Betty

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812102-3.00003-8

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 357 publications

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“…A US population-based review study reported that AID prevalence is 5–7% and is gradually increasing [ 10 , 29 ]. It has been suggested that both genetic susceptibility and environmental factors act as triggers for the breakdown of tolerance and progress of the disease [ 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mechanisms of immune tolerance generally prevent autoimmune reactions through the fine-tuning process of positive and negative selection of potentially autoreactive lymphocytes [ 9 ]. The failure of these selection mechanisms gives rise to autoreactive T cells or antibodies, which may appear several years prior to the manifestation of AID [ 10 , 11 ]. Genetic susceptibility and environmental factors determine one’s predisposition to AID [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genetic predisposition and expression changes influence the autoimmune thyroid disease course by affecting host immunoreactivity or antigen presentation/recognition [ 12 ]. Polymorphisms in IL2 and CTLA4 or the upregulation of MHC Class II molecules are implicated in the etiology of AID [ 10 ]. MHC, which is also known as human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in humans, plays a key role in AID by helping the immune system distinguish self from foreign, owing to its unlimited allelic diversity [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioinformatics and Connectivity Map Analysis Suggest Viral Infection as a Critical Causative Factor of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Lim

Choi

Kim

2023

IJMS

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Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is a common autoimmune disease, and its prevalence is rapidly increasing. Both genetic and environmental risk factors contribute to the development of HT. Recently, viral infection has been suggested to act as a trigger of HT by eliciting the host immune response and subsequent autoreactivity. We analyzed the features of HT through bioinformatics analysis so as to identify the markers of HT development. We accessed public microarray data of HT patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and obtained differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under HT. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG-pathway-enrichment analyses were performed for functional clustering of our protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Utilizing ranked gene lists, we performed a Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) by using the clusterprofiler R package. By comparing the expression signatures of the huge perturbation database with the queried rank-ordered gene list, a connectivity map (CMap) analysis was performed to screen potential therapeutic targets and agents. The gene expression profile of the HT group was in line with the general characteristics of HT. Biological processes related to the immune response and viral infection pathways were obtained for the upregulated DEGs. The GSEA results revealed activation of autoimmune-disease-related pathways and several viral-infection pathways. Autoimmune-disease and viral-infection pathways were highly interconnected by common genes, while the HLA genes, which are shared by both, were significantly upregulated. The CMap analysis suggested that perturbagens, including SRRM1, NLK, and CCDC92, have the potential to reverse the HT expression profile. Several lines of evidence suggested that viral infection and the host immune response are activated during HT. Viral infection is suspected to act as a key trigger of HT by causing autoimmunity. SRRM1, an alternative splicing factor which responds to viral activity, might serve as potential marker of HT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioinformatics and Connectivity Map Analysis Suggest Viral Infection as a Critical Causative Factor of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Lim

Choi

Kim

2023

IJMS

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“…Here, we draw on the case of people living with autoimmune illnesses, a diagnostic category that encompasses over 80 diseases, including illnesses such as lupus, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease. Autoimmune illnesses are categorised this way because they are thought to share a common underlying mechanism that initiates the body’s autoreactivity (Anaya et al., 2007; Davidson & Diamond, 2013). With the exception of type 1 diabetes, which has a clear diagnostic pathway, patients with these illnesses often present with symptoms that are challenging to classify, and typically their diagnostic journeys are long.…”

Section: Findings: Diagnostic Journeys Shape How Patienthood Is Pract...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the test produced an ANA negative result, it did not. This is not an example of ‘misdiagnoses’ becoming ‘the correct diagnoses.’ The back and forth, or shifting between diagnostic categories, is considered routine in autoimmune illnesses and is documented in the medical literature (Anaya et al., 2007; Davidson & Diamond, 2013). This may serve to normalise this experience for people living with these illnesses for some, but it also underscores the importance of the practices people developed in the absence of, or among shifting, diagnosis.…”

Section: Findings: Diagnostic Journeys Shape How Patienthood Is Pract...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and the practices of patienthood: How diagnostic journeys shape illness experiences

Jeske

James

Joyce

2023

Sociology Health & Illness

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Sociologists have a rich history of studying the process of diagnosis and how people experience illness. Yet, the sociology of diagnosis and illness experience literatures have seldom been fully integrated. Instead, these literatures highlight one element of the illness journey, wherein scholars either primarily study diagnostic processes and categories or people’s illness experiences. Drawing on empirical studies that examine diagnosis and experiences of illness in varied settings (diagnosis during breast cancer surveillance, diagnosis and experience of autoimmune illness and incarcerated women’s experiences of diagnoses and illness), in this article we build on our concept of regimes of patienthood to explain how diagnostic journeys, and the relations and power dynamics that manifest during this time, shape the illness experience and practices of patienthood. We construct a classification of diagnostic processes grounded in our empirical research that span (1) sudden diagnoses, (2) long, changing diagnostic journeys and (3) diagnostic journeys marked by disbelief and denial of care. Our findings demonstrate how diagnostic journeys and illness experiences are intertwined, with different diagnostic pathways impacting how illness is experienced. Analysing these categories collectively demonstrates that diagnostic journeys, while heterogenous, shape the practices that patients develop to manage health conditions and navigate unequal health‐care encounters.

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Recent Advances in Smart Biomaterials for the Detection and Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases

Shodeinde

Murphy

Oldenkamp

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of debilitating illnesses that are often idiopathic in nature. The steady rise in the prevalence of these conditions warrants new approaches for diagnosis and treatment. Stimuli‐responsive biomaterials also known as “smart,” “intelligent,” or “recognitive” biomaterials are widely studied for their applications in drug delivery, biosensing, and tissue engineering due to their ability to produce thermal, optical, chemical, or structural changes upon interacting with the biological environment. Studies within the last decade that harness the recognitive capabilities of these biomaterials toward the development of novel detection and treatment options for autoimmune diseases are critically analyzed.

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General Features of Autoimmune Disease

Cited by 14 publications

References 357 publications

Bioinformatics and Connectivity Map Analysis Suggest Viral Infection as a Critical Causative Factor of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Bioinformatics and Connectivity Map Analysis Suggest Viral Infection as a Critical Causative Factor of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Diagnosis and the practices of patienthood: How diagnostic journeys shape illness experiences

Recent Advances in Smart Biomaterials for the Detection and Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases

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