General Biology and Evolution

Fowler, Murray E.; Bravo, P. Walter

doi:10.1002/9781118785706.ch1

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Physical characteristics, hematologic evaluation, and radiographic examination-Mean ± SD measurements of body weight (70.50 ± 15.74 kg), height (92.35 ± 4.99 cm), body length (84.83 ± 8.48 cm), and chest circumference (103.83 ± 10.72 cm) were within anticipated limits for healthy adult alpacas. 41 Similarly, results of the CBC and serum biochemical analysis were within the respective reference ranges reported for alpacas. 42 Examination of thoracic radiographs did not reveal any changes consistent with respiratory disease in the alpacas.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Respiratory mechanics and results of cytologic examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in healthy adult alpacas

Pacheco¹,

Bedenice²,

Mazan³

et al. 2012

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Respiratory mechanics and results of cytologic examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in healthy adult alpacas

Pacheco¹,

Bedenice²,

Mazan³

et al. 2012

ajvr

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“…Alpacas are currently classified within the order Artiodactyla, suborder Tylopoda [ 19 ]. Despite belonging to a different suborder, cheek teeth in alpacas show great similarities with cheek teeth in ‘true ruminants’.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical insights into the three-dimensional anatomy of cheek teeth in alpacas based on micro-computed tomography. Part 1: mandibular cheek teeth

et al. 2021

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Background Despite dental disease being a common health concern in alpacas, important dental pathology including apical infection, remains poorly understood. Treatment options are limited compared to veterinary dentistry techniques in other species. The primary goal of this study was to increase understanding of the external and internal anatomy of mandibular cheek teeth to enable the development of tooth sparing techniques in this species. Also, an objective evaluation of the sub-occlusal dentinal thickness in normal mandibular cheek teeth is warranted to understand the risks associated with reduction of overgrown teeth. Results Overall pulp anatomy was variably characterized by the presence of a common pulp chamber in younger teeth, and segmentation of pulp cavities into multiple separate pulp entities within the same tooth with increasing age. A common pulp chamber was identified in 55.3% (26/47) of teeth with a mean dental age of 1 year and 11 months (± 1 year and 8 months). Columnar segmentation was recorded in the remaining teeth with a mean dental age of 6 years and 5 months (± 3 years and 11 months). Age of segmentation of the common pulp chamber into multiple separate pulp entities shows wide variation and is dependent of the specific Triadan position. The present study illustrates the presence of disto-mesial root contacts between adjacent tooth roots, often leading to morphological adaptations, most frequently observed between Triadan 09–10s (80%) and 10–11s (67%). The measured sub-occlusal dentinal thickness was as low as 1.11 mm over some pulp horns. The sub-occlusal dentinal thickness was lower than 2, 3, and 4 mm in 13.1, 38.1 and 61.4% of performed measurements, respectively. Conclusion This study provides detailed information on age-dependent mandibular cheek teeth anatomy in alpacas, which may support the use and development of advanced dental treatments in this species such as endodontics and tooth sectioning techniques. Apical morphological adaptations caused by disto-mesial root contact between adjacent mandibular cheek teeth are clearly illustrated. The limited amount of sub-occlusal secondary dentin warrants a cautious approach with regards to dental floating in alpacas.

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“…At necropsy, it was in poor body condition and weighed 45 kg (normal reference weight: 55-90 kg). 2 Significant gross findings included submandibular edema and a circular 12 mm in diameter ulcer in the third compartment (C3) of the stomach. Despite the clinical history of diarrhea, fecal pellets of normal consistency were present in the rectum.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteritis in an alpaca (Vicugna pacos) associated with a potentially novel adenovirus

et al. 2012

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Adenovirus-associated enteritis was diagnosed by histopathology of small intestine in a 2-year-old alpaca (Vicugna pacos). Electron microscopy confirmed intracytoplasmic and intranuclear adenoviral particles within enterocytes. Nucleic acid was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue sections, and a pan-adenovirus nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was employed to target a partial sequence of the polymerase gene. The PCR product (321 bp) was cloned and sequenced. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence against the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) nucleotide database demonstrated 68% identity with the isolates Canine adenovirus 1 and Bovine adenovirus 3. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence against the NCBI database demonstrated 75% identity with Bovine adenovirus 3. Phylogenetic analysis supported the relatively close relationship of this isolate to Bovine adenovirus 3, but the alpaca isolate was sufficiently distant to be considered a potentially novel adenovirus for this species.

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General Biology and Evolution

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Respiratory mechanics and results of cytologic examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in healthy adult alpacas

Respiratory mechanics and results of cytologic examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in healthy adult alpacas

Clinical insights into the three-dimensional anatomy of cheek teeth in alpacas based on micro-computed tomography. Part 1: mandibular cheek teeth

Enteritis in an alpaca (Vicugna pacos) associated with a potentially novel adenovirus

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