“…Thus, many GO-based fluorescent chem/bio-sensors have been developed for monitoring the enzymatic activities [34,35,36,37,38,39], measuring the levels of various analytes including nucleic acids, proteins, metal ions and small molecules [40,41,42,43,44], and imaging of cells as well as animals [45,46]. Based on the high quenching ability of GO and the specific aptamer–target interaction, several groups have reported the detection of proteins (e.g., thrombin, cyclin A2, amyloid-β oligomers, α-bungarotoxin and antibodies) with the dye-labeled DNA or peptide probes as the recognition elements [47,48,49,50,51]. In a typical detection model, the fluorescence of a dye-labeled probe would be quenched when it was absorbed onto the surface of GO.…”