Gender dysphoria in children and adolescents: an overview

Skordis, Nicos; Kyriakou, Andreas; Dror, Shai; Mushailov, Avital; Nicolaides, Nicolas C.

doi:10.1007/s42000-020-00174-1

Cited by 27 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…She also presents a clear discrepancy between the experienced gender and the assigned female gender, which is manifested in a strong desire to be rid of primary sex characteristics due to the clear incompatibility with the experienced sex [2]. However, this is not su cient to make a GD diagnosis [4,5]. Detailed examinations for GD should be conducted by mental health professionals (MHPs) [12] who have su cient training and experience in assessing related mental health conditions and are willing to participate in the ongoing care throughout the endocrine transition [1,4,12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this is not su cient to make a GD diagnosis [4,5]. Detailed examinations for GD should be conducted by mental health professionals (MHPs) [12] who have su cient training and experience in assessing related mental health conditions and are willing to participate in the ongoing care throughout the endocrine transition [1,4,12]. In the case of our patient, the endocrinologist and oncologistgynecologist should be included in the diagnostic process due to the hormonal disorders and recurrent ovarian tumor [3,13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The review of Solomon and Conner presents an insight of endocrine diseases manifesting itself in psychiatric disorders. There is also a chapter about transgender patients and their hormonal treatment [4,11]. Available literature shows that GD female-to-men hormone treatment relies on the supply of testosterone [12,14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is suspected that the increased likelihood of GD coexists with increased levels of androgens during pregnancy. Testosterone determines sexual differentiation of the human brain during fetal development [4]. GD is often accompanied by mental disorders such as schizophrenia, borderline personalities, and autism [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiencing childhood abuse, neglect, and physical or sexual violence may be associated with an increased risk of GD development. In addition, girls with GD can identify with their father to compensate for insu cient relationships with their mother [4]. However, all of the above-mentioned factors require further clinical validation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender Dysphoria disrupting the course of treatment of a recurrent Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor in an adolescent female - a case report.

Kwiatkowska

Kułak

Wertel

2020

Preprint

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Background: We present a case an adolescent female patient with Gender Dysphoria (GD) who was diagnosed with a recurrent ovarian neoplasm - Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor (JGCT).Case presentation: A 17-year-old female patient presented multiple endocrine pathologies and a recurrent JGCT. During the surgery qualification process, the patient admitted to identifying herself as a male. The patient described being uncomfortable with her body and with the expected roles of her assigned gender. Due to that, the patient requested a total hysterectomy with a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. As a minor, she required parent permission, which was not granted. The patient underwent several specialist consultations, after which she agreed for unilateral removal of tumor-changed pathologies and additional hormonal, psychological, and psychiatric diagnostics.Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed report of co-occurrence of GD spectrum disorders and JGCT in an adolescent female. This case contains many therapeutic and ethical problems regarding both physical and mental health. It should be noted that adolescents with the GD spectrum rarely develop persistent transsexuality. Modulations from developmental psychology, psychotherapy, family dynamics, hormonal treatment, and the removal of JGCT in the presented case may have potential therapeutic implications for GD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Gender Dysphoria disrupting the course of treatment of a recurrent Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor in an adolescent female - a case report.

Kwiatkowska

Kułak

Wertel

2020

Preprint

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Association of Media Coverage on Transgender Health With Referrals to Child and Adolescent Gender Identity Clinics in Sweden

et al. 2022

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IMPORTANCE Increasing numbers of transgender and gender diverse children and adolescents have been referred to gender identity clinics in Sweden in the past decade, and previous studies have found an association between media attention and referral counts. Whether the tone of media stories is associated with referrals is not yet known. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether positive or negative media coverage on transgender and gender diverse issues is associated with referral counts to child and adolescent gender identity clinics. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSIn this cross-sectional study, referrals counts were collected from all 6 specialized gender identity clinics in Sweden, along with information on referral date, sex assigned at birth, and birth year. Participants were all individuals younger than 19 years,

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Gender incongruence and gender dysphoria in childhood and adolescence—current insights in diagnostics, management, and follow-up

et al. 2020

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Gender incongruence (GI) is defined as a condition in which the gender identity of a person does not align with the gender assigned at birth. Awareness and more social acceptance have paved the way for early medical intervention about two decades ago and are now part of good clinical practice although much robust data is lacking. Medical and mental treatment in adolescents with GI is complex and is recommended to take place within a team of mental health professionals, psychiatrists, endocrinologists, and other healthcare providers. The somatic treatment generally consists of the use of GnRH analogues to prevent the progression of biological puberty and subsequently gender-affirming hormonal treatment to develop sex characteristics of the self-identified gender and surgical procedures. However to optimize treatment regimens, long-term follow-up and additional studies are still needed. What is known• The prevalence of gender dysphoria increased significantly in the past years and can lead to significant complaints and burdens especially during puberty.• Pubertal suppression and gender-affirmed treatment can be effectively used in adolescence with gender dysphoria.What is new• Transgender mental and medical healthcare is a long-lasting process during which not only the child/adolescent with GI but also their parents/family have to be counseled in making choices about their social, medical, and legal transitions.• There are an increasing number of transgender persons defining as nonbinary. Therefore, an individualized approach by an experienced team is necessary.

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Gender dysphoria in children and adolescents: an overview

Cited by 27 publications

References 81 publications

Gender Dysphoria disrupting the course of treatment of a recurrent Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor in an adolescent female - a case report.

Gender Dysphoria disrupting the course of treatment of a recurrent Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor in an adolescent female - a case report.

Association of Media Coverage on Transgender Health With Referrals to Child and Adolescent Gender Identity Clinics in Sweden

Gender incongruence and gender dysphoria in childhood and adolescence—current insights in diagnostics, management, and follow-up

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