Gender dimorphism in the progressive in vivo growth of a T cell lymphoma: involvement of cytokines and gonadal hormones

Singh, Mahendra; Kumar, Ambak; Singh, Sukh Mahendra

doi:10.1016/j.jri.2004.11.001

Cited by 26 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…TAM are polarized type II macrophages [22] shown to promote tumour progression and metastasis [23]. TAM are characterized by highly suppressed production of NO [24] and are committed to high production of the inhibitory cytokine IL-4 and IL-10 [4,19]. It has been well reported that macrophage activation by LPS results in NF-kB-dependent activation of proinflammatory cytokine production and iNOS gene expression [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The serum and ascitic fluid of DL-bearing mice is reflected by high levels of T helper 2 (Th2)-type cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 [4]. IL-13 is also a Th2-type cytokine exhibiting pleiotropic effects similar to IL-4 on human peripheral blood monocytes and mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-derived bone-marrow macrophages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED Interleukin-13-induced type II polarization of inflammatory macrophages is mediated through suppression of nuclear factor-κB and preservation of IκBα in a T cell lymphoma

Deepak

Kumar

Acharya

2007

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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R e t r a c t e d RetractionThe article from Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 'Interleukin-13-induced type II polarization of inflammatory macrophages is mediated through suppression of nuclear factor-kB and preservation of IkBa in a T cell lymphoma' , by P. Deepak, S. Kumar and A. Acharya (August 2007, 149(2) The retraction has been agreed due to lack of original data. R e t r a c t e dInterleukin-13-induced type II polarization of inflammatory macrophages is mediated through suppression of nuclear factor-kB and preservation of IkBa in a T cell lymphoma SummarySpontaneously arising transplantable T cell lymphoma, designated as Dalton's lymphoma (DL), is characterized by a highly invasive and deleterious nature almost completely paralysing the host immune system. The level of interleukin (IL)-13 is elevated in serum and ascitic fluid of the DL-bearing host. IL-13 is a potent immunosuppressive cytokine and is an alternative activator of macrophages that suppresses the production of nitric oxide (NO) and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and proinflammatory cytokines. The expression of iNOS and proinflammatory cytokines are dependent largely upon the activation of nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB). Activation of NF-kB involves the degradation of cytoplasmic inhibitor IkBa, allowing the nuclear translocation of NF-kB and thereby transcription of the iNOS gene. Therefore, in this study we sought to determine whether the alternative activation or type II polarization of macrophages induced by IL-13 is mediated by the suppression of NF-kB and cytoplasmic preservation of IkBa.Western blot analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) indicate that tumour-associated macrophages (TAM) or polarized type II macrophages are due to preserved protein expression of IkBa, and therefore suppressed NF-kB nuclear translocation. These findings suggest that IL-13 may operate through the suppression of NF-kB activation and preservation of IkBa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED Interleukin-13-induced type II polarization of inflammatory macrophages is mediated through suppression of nuclear factor-κB and preservation of IκBα in a T cell lymphoma

Deepak

Kumar

Acharya

2007

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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“…Further, DL growth has been shown to cause thymus regression and to modulate macrophage-and T-cell-mediated immune responses associated with an alteration in T H1 /T H2 cytokine balance [13,14] . We have also demonstrated recently that DL growth can be regulated in a differential manner by gender-specific hormones through their direct or host-dependent mode of action on tumor cell growth [15] . Despite the tremendous suppressive effect of DL growth on the immune system of tumor-bearing hosts, it remained unclear if growth of any T-cell lymphoma had a direct and/or indirect neurodegenerative consequence.…”

Section: Objective(s)mentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Brain cells were cultured in vitro according to a method described earlier [15] with slight modifications. Brain cells were seeded (1.5 !…”

Section: In Vitro Brain Cell Culture Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paraneoplastic Neurodegeneration in a Murine Host following Progressive Growth of a Spontaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Role of Proinflammatory Internal Responses

Singh

Singh²,

Singh³

2006

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Objective(s): In the present study, the mechanism of paraneoplastic neurodegeneration associated with progressive in vivo growth of a T-cell lymphoma of spontaneous origin has been investigated. Methods: Histologically, the brain was investigated by hematoxylin-eosin staining of brain sections. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of cytokines and other proteins. Macrophage-derived interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was estimated by immunoassays. Induction of apoptosis in brain and tumor cells was determined by percent specific DNA fragmentation. Results: Tumor growth was associated with the development of multiple lesions in various regions of the brain along with alterations in the structure and alignment of Purkinje cells, and an increase in the water content in the brain. Brain extract and serum of tumor-bearing mice showed higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Induction of apoptosis is suggested to be the cause underlying the loss of cellularity of tumor-bearing hosts in the brain owing to an augmentation in the induction of the caspase-dependent pathway of programmed cell death. Further, the study presents investigations to show the role of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, TNF, interferon-γ and alkaline phosphatase in the manifestation of paraneoplastic neurodegeneration. Conclusions: Growth of a T-cell lymphoma is associated with the manifestation of neurodegeneration caused by soluble proinflammatory factors of tumor and/or host origin.

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Progressive tumor growth-associated altered tumor microenvironment: implications in a tumor stage-dependent modulation in survival of a murine T cell lymphoma

Singh

2009

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol

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In the present study using a transplantable murine T cell lymphoma designated as Dalton's lymphoma, we investigated the role of oxygen, glucose and other environmental factors in evolution of altered survival responses in tumor cells during the late tumor-bearing stages. Tumor progression was observed to be associated with an improvement in the survival ability of tumor cells. Moreover, tumor serum and ascitic fluid obtained from the late tumor bearing stage was found to augment tumor cell survival in vitro, indicating that these humoral components of tumor bearing host contain factors capable of modulating tumor survival. Progressive tumor growth was also shown to be associated with depletion in glucose and oxygen content in the fluids of tumor microenvironment along with a concomitant augmentation in the production of lactate and lactate dehydrogenase. Moreover, tumor cells expressed higher amount of mRNA for inducible nitric oxide synthase, Hypoxia inducible factor-1 and 2 and Hsp70 and VEGF proteins during the late tumor bearing stages. Splenic macrophages and non-adherent splenic lymphocytes from tumor-bearing mice showed an increased production of IL-6, TGF-beta, IFN-gamma, IL-2R and VEGF during the late tumor-bearing stage, which could be implicated in the differential regulation of tumor growth in a tumor stage dependent manner. In conclusion, the observations of the present study suggest that factors contained in altered tumor microenvironment may act in concert to cause behavioral alterations in tumor cells, with respect to survival, during the course of the progression of a nonsolid T cell lymphoma.

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Gender dimorphism in the progressive in vivo growth of a T cell lymphoma: involvement of cytokines and gonadal hormones

Cited by 26 publications

References 47 publications

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED Interleukin-13-induced type II polarization of inflammatory macrophages is mediated through suppression of nuclear factor-κB and preservation of IκBα in a T cell lymphoma

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED Interleukin-13-induced type II polarization of inflammatory macrophages is mediated through suppression of nuclear factor-κB and preservation of IκBα in a T cell lymphoma

Paraneoplastic Neurodegeneration in a Murine Host following Progressive Growth of a Spontaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Role of Proinflammatory Internal Responses

Progressive tumor growth-associated altered tumor microenvironment: implications in a tumor stage-dependent modulation in survival of a murine T cell lymphoma

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Gender dimorphism in the progressive in vivo growth of a T cell lymphoma: involvement of cytokines and gonadal hormones

Cited by 26 publications

References 47 publications

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED&#x2028;Interleukin-13-induced type II polarization of inflammatory macrophages is mediated through suppression of nuclear factor-κB and preservation of IκBα in a T cell lymphoma

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED&#x2028;Interleukin-13-induced type II polarization of inflammatory macrophages is mediated through suppression of nuclear factor-κB and preservation of IκBα in a T cell lymphoma

Paraneoplastic Neurodegeneration in a Murine Host following Progressive Growth of a Spontaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Role of Proinflammatory Internal Responses

Progressive tumor growth-associated altered tumor microenvironment: implications in a tumor stage-dependent modulation in survival of a murine T cell lymphoma

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THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED Interleukin-13-induced type II polarization of inflammatory macrophages is mediated through suppression of nuclear factor-κB and preservation of IκBα in a T cell lymphoma

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED Interleukin-13-induced type II polarization of inflammatory macrophages is mediated through suppression of nuclear factor-κB and preservation of IκBα in a T cell lymphoma