Gender differences in time preferences

Dittrich, Marcus; Leipold, Kristina

doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2014.01.002

Cited by 103 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Evolutionary theorists such as MacDonald [28] argued that male individuals are more likely to score higher on behavioral approach measures (sensation seeking, impulsivity, reward seeking, and aggression) and are thus less likely to control pre-potent approach tendencies. Dittrich and Leipold [29] reported supporting evidence that male individuals preferred a smaller immediate payment rather than a larger delayed payment thus suggesting that female individuals are better able to delay gratification in comparison to male individuals. There is contradictory evidence showing the opposite pattern of sex differences in relation to delay discounting with female individuals discounting more steeply than male individuals [30,31].…”

Section: The Cognitive Assessment Of Impulsivity and Sex Differencesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Is Impulsivity a Male Trait Rather than Female Trait? Exploring the Sex Difference in Impulsivity

Weinstein

Dannon

2015

Curr Behav Neurosci Rep

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Impulsivity is raising major interest clinically because it is associated with various clinical conditions such as delinquency, antisocial behavior, suicide attempts, aggression, and criminal activity. The evolutionary perspective argued that impulsivity relates to self-regulation and it has predicted that female individuals should have evolved a greater ability to inhibit pre-potent responses. There is supportive evidence showing that female individuals have better performance on cognitive tasks measuring impulsivity such as delay in gratification and delayed discounting mainly in childhood. During adolescence, brain imaging studies using diffusion tensor imaging on white matter architecture indicated contrary to the evolutionary perspective hypothesis, that young adolescent male individuals may be less vulnerable than age-matched female individuals to risk-and reward-related maladaptive behaviors. In adults, the results are mixed presumably owing to hormonal effects on neuro-biological mechanisms of reward. Consequently, female individuals were less impulsive than male individuals only during fertile stages of the menstrual cycle. Finally, there is evidence the serotonin (5-HT) system is more involved in the impulsivity of men than in that of women. Overall, there seem to be sex differences in impulsivity but these differences are more pronounced in childhood and they are later subject to maturational and hormonal changes during adolescence and adulthood and their effects on the brain, cognition, and behavior.

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Section: The Cognitive Assessment Of Impulsivity and Sex Differencesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Is Impulsivity a Male Trait Rather than Female Trait? Exploring the Sex Difference in Impulsivity

Weinstein

Dannon

2015

Curr Behav Neurosci Rep

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“…These findings support the female socialization hypothesis. As Dittrich & Leipold (2014) show, men tend to be impatient and choose to receive an immediate payment rather than a larger sum later. Men seem to put more focus on short-run profit maximization than women.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male pupils taught by female homeroom teachers show a higher preference for Corporate Social Responsibility in adulthood

Yamamura

Managi

Tsutsui

2019

Journal of the Japanese and International Economies

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On the demand side, we test how early childhood education creates preferences for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) through teacher-student gender randommatching. Using originally collected individual-level data, we examine how female teachers in elementary school influence students' CSR stated preferences in their adulthood. In a quasi-natural experiment setting, our major findings are: (1) female teachers affect pupils' preferences for corporate responsibility later in life, (2) the effect of a female teacher is robust if she was a class teacher in first grade, (3) the effect of a female teacher is observed only for different-gender pupils but not for same-gender ones.These findings imply that the gender gap in adulthood is reduced by matching female teachers with male students in earlier years. We examine and support the female socialization hypothesis.JEL classification: G32, G34, J16, M14, I21, H89

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“…Concerning the delay reward discounting behavior and task, several studies in humans observed sex differences, but the findings were less consistent with some studies indicating that females discount more than males [Weafer and de Wit, ]. In contrast, Dittrich and Leipold [] reported sex difference with males preferring smaller immediate payment rather than larger delayed payment. In a neuroimaging study by Dreher et al [] using an event‐related monetary reward paradigm, during the mid‐follicular phases of their menstrual cycle healthy women anticipating uncertain rewards had greater activated OFC and amygdale than during the luteal phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonergic modulation of orbitofrontal activity and its relevance for decision making and impulsivity

Mavrogiorgou

Enzi

Klimm

et al. 2016

Human Brain Mapping

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This study revealed that low serotonergic activity as measured by a strong LDAEP was related to a high fMRI signal intensity of SFG/MO during immediate reward behavior which is related to impulsivity. Since this relationship was only found for the infralimbic medial and not for the middle or lateral part of the orbitofrontal cortex, an exclusive projection tract of the serotonergic system to this cortical region can be assumed to regulate impulsive reward-orientated decision making. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1507-1517, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Gender differences in time preferences

Cited by 103 publications

References 19 publications

Is Impulsivity a Male Trait Rather than Female Trait? Exploring the Sex Difference in Impulsivity

Is Impulsivity a Male Trait Rather than Female Trait? Exploring the Sex Difference in Impulsivity

Male pupils taught by female homeroom teachers show a higher preference for Corporate Social Responsibility in adulthood

Serotonergic modulation of orbitofrontal activity and its relevance for decision making and impulsivity

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