Gender differences in thermal sensation and skin temperature sensitivity under local cooling

Zhao, Qiantao; Lyu, Junmeng; Du, Heng; Lian, Zhiwei; Zhao, Zisheng

doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103401

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…During cooling conditions, females exhibited lower skin temperatures than males in the upper body, feet, and back, as well as MST (Figs 7A and 9). This observation aligns with findings from previous studies, suggesting that females generally have lower skin temperatures, particularly in the extremities, compared to males [53,54]. These lower local skin temperatures contributed to the observed lower MST in females.…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 92%

The gender and age differences in the passengers’ thermal comfort during cooling and heating conditions in vehicles

Kwak,

Chun,

Park

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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The thermal physiological and psychological responses in vehicles, influenced by gender and age, play a crucial role in ensuring passengers’ comfort. However, these differences have often been overlooked. This study aims to comprehensively examine passengers’ thermal comfort and investigate gender and age disparities based on their physiological and psychological responses. Experiments were conducted inside a vehicle placed in a climate chamber under cooling and heating conditions, with the collected data subjected to statistical analysis. The findings reveal that males had significantly higher mean skin temperatures in cooling conditions and lower skin temperatures in heating conditions than females. However, overall thermal sensation and comfort did not significantly differ between genders. Interestingly, age-related differences were observed to a limited extent in both conditions. This study provides valuable insights into passengers’ thermal responses in vehicles, considering the factors of gender and age, thereby contributing to a comprehensive understanding of thermal comfort in a vehicle environment.

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Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 92%

The gender and age differences in the passengers’ thermal comfort during cooling and heating conditions in vehicles

Kwak,

Chun,

Park

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…Understanding the dynamic thermal sensitivity and its influencing factors can help to reveal thermal sensation and thermal comfort under spatially ununiform and temporally unsteady thermal exposures. 14,26,27 Until now, how the thermal sensitivity varies with time after stimulation is unknown. To fill this gap, this study aimed to explore the dynamic thermal sensitivity and its influencing factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies investigated thermal sensitivities from different body scales. For whole-body thermal sensitivity , Zhao et al 14 reported the thermal sensitivity distribution of males and females under cooling stimulation, respectively. Luo et al 15 mapped the high-density thermal sensitivity distribution across the body and observed large regional differences amongst body regions and individual differences amongst subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the dynamic thermal sensitivities of human body with high-dense contacting thermal stimuli

Zhou,

Luo,

et al. 2023

Indoor and Built Environment

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Existing research have explored thermal sensitivity under steady thermal conditions while how it changes with time is unknown. In this study, the arm and face were taken as examples to study dynamic characteristics of thermal sensitivity. The test spots were stimulated under thermally neutral ambient conditions to obtain skin temperature and thermal sensation at three levels (e.g. the micro-scale (1.54 cm2) spot, local body part and whole body) at intervals of 4 s. Results showed that in the first 4 s of stimuli, skin temperature change would reach 52% of the final variation. The overshooting rate of the arm thermal sensitivity was 1.6 and 1.8 times over the stable state for cooling and heating stimuli, and that of the face was 1.9 and 2.0 times. 95% of subjects on the arm and 85% on the face were more sensitive to cooling stimuli. The warmth sensitivities of different genders and body parts were shown to be significantly different, while the cold sensitivity of different body parts produced small differences. When stimulating one test spot, the ratio of thermal sensation at three levels was 15:4:1 on the arm and 16:3:1 on the face. These results can help to understand how the body responds to spatially ununiform and temporally unsteady thermal exposures.

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“…Recently, thermal comfort has been widely researched for enhancing the well-being of residents, [1][2][3][4][5] and skin temperature has been proven to be suitable as the main index for thermal comfort evaluation. However, the calculation method for mean skin temperature has always been controversial, because the temperature of each body part is different, and this value represents the heat transfer between the human body and ambient environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new calculation method of mean skin temperature for assessment of thermal comfort

Zhao

Lian

2023

Indoor and Built Environment

Self Cite

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The current calculation methods of mean skin temperature did not work so well in some thermal comfort evaluations, especially under local thermal stimulation or uniform thermal environment. In this paper, a new calculation method for mean skin temperature was established, at the same time, distribution of receptors, gender difference, ambient temperature and local thermal stimulation spots. A subject experiment was conducted to validate the new method. In three conditions with different indoor air temperatures, local stimulation of different temperatures was given to the forehead, back and sole of the feet of 10 subjects in winter and 24 subjects in summer, respectively. Results showed that the current method showed much higher accuracy in predicting subjects’ thermal comfort than conventional methods, especially for females. This new calculation method provides an improved tool for thermal comfort assessment, and it has guiding significance for future research on thermal comfort.

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Gender differences in thermal sensation and skin temperature sensitivity under local cooling

Cited by 21 publications

References 48 publications

The gender and age differences in the passengers’ thermal comfort during cooling and heating conditions in vehicles

The gender and age differences in the passengers’ thermal comfort during cooling and heating conditions in vehicles

Evaluating the dynamic thermal sensitivities of human body with high-dense contacting thermal stimuli

A new calculation method of mean skin temperature for assessment of thermal comfort

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