2000
DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2134(00)00202-7
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Abstract: The few gender differences that emerged in this study offer little support for the cultural hypothesis. The findings make sense if local factors, such as services available for male and female youth and public response to street youth, are considered. It appears that street youth differ in their experiences depending on local circumstances, highlighting the need for caution in generalizing about the situation of street youth in different countries.

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Cited by 50 publications
(37 citation statements)
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References 19 publications
(17 reference statements)
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“…The population of the region where our study was conducted is predominantly White (85%; Carlini et al, 2002), but under two-thirds of the study sample was White (61%). This is consistent with the reality that poverty and race are strongly associated in Brazil; for example, prior work conducted by our team in the same city indicates that the majority of homeless youth are non-White (e.g., Raffaelli et al, 2000). Despite these demographic differences, participants in the current study resembled the general Brazilian population in their use of substances.…”
Section: Limitations and Future Directionssupporting
confidence: 87%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The population of the region where our study was conducted is predominantly White (85%; Carlini et al, 2002), but under two-thirds of the study sample was White (61%). This is consistent with the reality that poverty and race are strongly associated in Brazil; for example, prior work conducted by our team in the same city indicates that the majority of homeless youth are non-White (e.g., Raffaelli et al, 2000). Despite these demographic differences, participants in the current study resembled the general Brazilian population in their use of substances.…”
Section: Limitations and Future Directionssupporting
confidence: 87%
“…As described earlier, a similar study conducted in Northeastern Brazil (Verner & Alda, 2004) revealed high levels o f father absence, low parental education, and neighborhood violence. Another study conducted in southern Brazil with low-income 7-to 9-year-olds and their mothers (Hoppe, 1998) Raffaelli et al, 2000 US findings (e.g., Clark & Miller, 1998 (Fergusson & Horwood, 2003). Similarly, a study o f the impact o f violence and victimization revealed that girls exhibited more psychological distress, whereas boys exhibited more risk behaviors (Jenkins & Bell, 1994;see Gorham-Smith & Tolan, 2003 Regression analyses that included interactions between risk indexes and age revealed only two significant findings.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Also, worldwide there have been few attempts to include female population in such conceptions and terminology proposals. As a result, women have been historically relegated as something marginal to the conformation of vulnerable groups (Raffaellia et al, 2000). For example, in Mexico, in research carried out there rarely has been any reference to homeless girls.…”
Section: * Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition, adolescents older than 14 do not appeal to passersby as much as younger children do. 2,6,11,28 The children on the streets in this sample had more years of education compared to their siblings; however, they also had more grade repetition, although the difference was only barely significant. In Brazil, the public school system does not retain students due to their grades, but rather due to school absences, and children have to stay in school for only one period of the day (either from early morning to noon or the entire afternoon).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 65%
“…9 In addition, Brazilian children and adolescents who work on the streets are frequently reared in a violent environment, surrounded by armed drug gangs who defend their territories with heavy weapons, thereby cutting these children off from the rest of the city. 10 Although there are some qualitative data regarding children on the streets in Brazil, 7,11,12 no study has quantitatively addressed the level of violence to which these children have been exposed.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%