Gender Change in Norwegian Dialects: Comprehension is affected before Production

Lundquist, Björn; Rodina, Yulia; Sekerina, Irina A.; Westergaard, Marit

doi:10.1515/lingvan-2016-0026

Cited by 11 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Yet another possibility is that the dialect speakers parse the native input with the grammar of the non-native dialect, something that may happen during dialect change due to large exposure to a national standard. The results from one previous Norwegian dialect study of gender processing (Lundquist et al, 2016 ) suggest that the latter is true, at least in dialect speakers that use Bokmål as their written standard. The dialect speakers in Lundquist et al ( 2016 ) used the three-gender system consistently in their productions, but were not able to predict upcoming nouns preceded by a masculine or feminine article.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The results from one previous Norwegian dialect study of gender processing (Lundquist et al, 2016 ) suggest that the latter is true, at least in dialect speakers that use Bokmål as their written standard. The dialect speakers in Lundquist et al ( 2016 ) used the three-gender system consistently in their productions, but were not able to predict upcoming nouns preceded by a masculine or feminine article. These results suggested that the inconsistent use of the relevant articles encountered in written texts and in spoken input from other dialects had affected the processing of the native dialect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Another reason for carrying out this study is to get a better understanding of the change in the grammatical gender system that is currently taking place in many Norwegian dialects (Lødrup, 2011 ; Rodina and Westergaard, 2015 ; Lundquist et al, 2016 ). The old three-gender system is being replaced with a two gender system, where the feminine and masculine gender has merged to a common gender, using the exponents from the masculine paradigm, as in the Oslo dialect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One common paradigm for studying gender processing is the Visual World Paradigm (VWP) with eye tracking (see e.g., Dahan et al, 2000 ; Grüter et al, 2012 ; Dussias et al, 2013 ; Hopp, 2016 ; Lundquist et al, 2016 ). As has been shown in previous eye tracking VWP studies, L1 speakers are superior to L2 speakers in making use of gender marking in their language processing (Lew-Williams and Fernald, 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Language Separation in Bidialectal Speakers: Evidence From Eye Tracking

Lundquist

Vangsnes

2018

Front. Psychol.

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The aim of this study was to find out how people process the dialectal variation encountered in the daily linguistic input. We conducted an eye tracking study (Visual Word Paradigm) that targeted the online processing of grammatical gender markers. Three different groups of Norwegian speakers took part in the experiment: one group of students from the capital Oslo, and two groups of dialect speakers of the Sogn dialect of Western Norway. One Sogn group was defined as “stable dialect speakers,” and one as “unstable dialect speakers,” based on a background questionnaire. The students participated in two eye tracking experiments each, one conducted in the their own dialect, and one in the other dialect (i.e., Sogn dialect for the Oslo students, and Oslo dialect for the Sogn students). The gender systems in the two dialects differ: the Sogn dialect makes an obligatory three-gender split (Masculine, Feminine, and Neuter) whereas the Oslo dialect only obligatorily makes a two gender distinction. The research question was whether speakers could use gender markers to predict the upcoming target noun in both local and non-local dialect mode, and furthermore, if they correctly could adjust their expectations based on dialect mode. The results showed that the Sogn speakers could predict upcoming linguistic material both in the local and Oslo dialect, but only the stable group were able to adjust their predictions based on the dialect mode. The unstable group applied a more general Oslo-compatible parsing to both the local and the non-local dialect. The Oslo speakers on the other hand were able to use gender markers as predictors only in their own dialect. We argue that the stable Sogn group should be treated as a bilingual group, as they show native-like skills in both varieties, while the unstable Sogn group can be seen as accommodated monolinguals, in that they treat the two varieties as sharing an underspecified grammar. The Oslo group on the other hand lacks sufficient competence in the other dialect to make use of grammatical markers to make predictions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Language Separation in Bidialectal Speakers: Evidence From Eye Tracking

Lundquist

Vangsnes

2018

Front. Psychol.

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“…);Kupisch et al (2013);Lohndal and Westergaard (2016);Lundquist et al (2016);Urek et al (2017);Lundquist and Vangsnes (2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Lundquist

Dahl

2019

J Comp German Linguistics

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The loss of feminine gender in Norwegian: a dialect comparison

Busterud

Lohndal

Rodina

et al. 2019

J Comp German Linguistics

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It is well known that grammatical gender systems may change historically. Previous research has documented loss of the feminine gender in several Norwegian dialects, including those spoken in Oslo and Tromsø (Lødrup 2011; Rodina and Westergaard 2015a). In these dialects, the change is characterized by substitution of the feminine indefinite article ei (e.g., ei bok 'a book') with the masculine form en (e.g., en bok). Child and adult native speakers of the Trondheim dialect (N=71) participated in two production experiments that tested gender marking in indefinite and double definite forms, using an identical methodology to the Tromsø study. Results show that both children and adults are affected by the change. The Trondheim-Tromsø comparison reveals that the change is more advanced in the Trondheim dialect. We conclude that the loss of the feminine gender reflects a general development taking place across a number of dialects at the current time, presumably due to the high prestige of a spoken variety of one of the written standards of Norwegian.

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Gender Change in Norwegian Dialects: Comprehension is affected before Production

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Language Separation in Bidialectal Speakers: Evidence From Eye Tracking

Language Separation in Bidialectal Speakers: Evidence From Eye Tracking

Introduction from our guest editors

The loss of feminine gender in Norwegian: a dialect comparison

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