Gender and Other Psychosocial Factors as Predictors of Adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in Adults with Comorbid HIV/AIDS, Psychiatric and Substance-related Disorder

Abstract

This study assessed adherence to HAART among 67 HIV-infected adults, and the degree to which gender and psychological factors-including depression, drug and alcohol use, quality of life, and medication side effects-influenced adherence. Although overall adherence was greater than rates reported in similar studies, no significant difference in adherence was observed between men and women in the present sample. Medication side effects were a significant predictor of non-adherence in the sample at large and among women in particular, while alcohol dependence was a significant predictor of non-adherence only in women. Possible explanations are explored.

Associação entre uso de álcool em indivíduos com AIDS e adesão ao tratamento antirretroviral: uma revisão da literatura

“…Contudo, o estudo de Applebaum et al 36 trabalhou com uma amostra muito reduzida, de forma que os resultados não podem ser generalizados para outras populações, e no estudo de Lazo a amostra de indivíduos do gênero masculino foi retirada de uma coorte realizada em quatro cidades americanas, incluindo apenas indivíduos MSM (men who have sex with men). Dessa forma, conclusões sobre o gênero e adesão também não podem ser estendidas para a população geral de pessoas com AIDS 36,37 .…”

Factors Associated with Non-Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among Adults living with HIV/AIDS in Arsi Zone, Oromia

“…Similarly, self-report of three or more adverse reactions were associated with an increased risk of non-adherence [41]. Likewise, medication side effects were a significant predictor of nonadherence in the sample at large and among women in particular [42]. Study done in Brazil in 2015 showed that adverse drug reaction was associated with non-adherence [43].…”

Prevalencia, factores de riesgo y manejo de la depresión en pacientes con infección por VIH: Revisión de la literatura

“…Pequeños incumplimientos de esta adherencia, se asocian a fracaso terapéutico (pérdida de la capacidad de suprimir la replicación viral con la consiguiente progresión de la enfermedad), agravado por la pérdida de efectividad de los anti-retrovirales previamente usados (desarrollo de resistencia) 29,[34][35][36] . Entre los factores psico-sociales más importantes para la pérdida de adherencia están: la falta de una red de apoyo social, el abuso de sustancias y la depresión 23,28,29,[34][35][36][37][38][39] . Se considera que la depresión no tratada es, a su vez, un factor de riesgo para el abuso de sustancias y el uso de terapias alternativas o la automedicación, con el subsecuente perjuicio en la adherencia y efectividad de la TAR 4,11,18,28,31,32 .…”