GEMAS: Spatial distribution of the pH of European agricultural and grazing land soil

Fabian, Clea; Reimann, Clemens; Fabian, Karl; Birke, Manfred; Baritz, Rainer; Haslinger, Edith

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.07.017

“…(5), let us consider the following. The dominant factors that control pH on the European scale are geology (crystalline bedrock) in combination with climate (temperature and precipitation) as was summarised in the GEMAS project account (Fabian et al 2014). The GEMAS pH maps primarily reflect the natural site conditions on the European scale, while any anthropogenic impact is hardly detectable.…”

Section: Migration Of Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Potential-Induced Wall State Transitions in Plant Cell Growth

Pietruszka

¹

2019

J Plant Growth Regul

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The pH/T duality of acidic pH and temperature (T) action for the growth of grass shoots was examined in order to derive the phenomenological equation of wall properties for living plants. By considering non-meristematic growth as a dynamic series of state transitions (STs) in the extending primary wall, the critical exponents were identified, which exhibit a singular behaviour at a critical temperature, critical pH and critical chemical potential (μ) in the form of four power laws: $$f_{\pi } \left( \tau \right) \propto \left| \tau \right|^{\beta - 1}$$ f π τ ∝ τ β - 1 , $$f_{\tau } (\pi ) \propto \left| \pi \right|^{1 - \alpha }$$ f τ ( π ) ∝ π 1 - α , $$g_{\mu } (\tau ) \propto \left| \tau \right|^{ - 2 - \alpha + 2\beta }$$ g μ ( τ ) ∝ τ - 2 - α + 2 β and $$g_{\tau } (\mu ) \propto \left| \mu \right|^{2 - \alpha }$$ g τ ( μ ) ∝ μ 2 - α . The indices α and β are constants, while π and τ represent a reduced pH and reduced temperature, respectively. The convexity relation α + β ≥ 2 for practical pH-based analysis and β ≡ 2 “mean-field” value in microscopic (μ) representation were derived. In this scenario, the magnitude that is decisive is the chemical potential of the H+ ions, which force subsequent STs and growth. Furthermore, observation that the growth rate is generally proportional to the product of the Euler beta functions of T and pH, allowed to determine the hidden content of the Lockhart constant Ф. It turned out that the pH-dependent time evolution equation explains either the monotonic growth or periodic extension that is usually observed—like the one detected in pollen tubes—in a unified account.

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“…Soils that are derived from basic rocks, such as basalt and diabase, have a higher concentration of basic cations with less H+ availability when compared with soils derived from crystalline rocks, such as Latosols. The Gleisols and the Fluvic Neosols that develop in alluvium are less acidic due to the deposition of sediments that are rich in OM (Fabian et al, 2014) and in Ca and Mg (Moreira and Fageria, 2009). Soils with aluminum concentration less than 4 mmol c kg −1 and a pH above 5.5 are considered ideal for the development of most crops, but these conditions are met in only 9 % of the study area.…”

Section: Multivariate Analysis Of Soil Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical, chemical, and mineralogical attributes of a representative group of soils from the eastern Amazon region in Brazil

Souza

¹

,

Fernandes

²

,

Braz

³

et al. 2018

SOIL

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Abstract. Amazonian soils are heterogeneous. However, few studies have been carried out in the Amazon, mainly because of its considerable size, which complicates the collection of data and the ability to plan for the sustainable use of natural resources. In this study, the physical, chemical, and mineralogical attributes of soils in the state of Pará, Brazil, were characterized by examining the particle size, fertility, silicon extracted by sodium hydroxide, iron, and aluminum, and manganese extracted by sulfuric acid, sodium citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite, and ammonium oxalate + oxalic acid. A descriptive analysis, multivariate principal component analysis, and cluster analysis were performed. The soils had low concentrations of bioavailable P, Ca2+, Mg2+, and K and had high concentrations of Al3+, Si, and Al oxide in the Cambisols. Concentrations of Fe and Mn oxides were higher in both the Cambisols and Nitosols, which are rich in oxidic minerals. The multivariate analysis indicated an association between the organic carbon content and pH, P, Ca, Mg, and K concentrations. An additional association was observed between clay, potential acidity, and the Fe and Al oxide concentrations.

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“…These findings suggest that NP is the only commercial NI capable of effectively inhibiting both AOB and AOA, and hence the most effective currently available NI, although it is not currently registered for use in Europe. 3O% of the World’s soils have a pH <5.5 and European agricultural soils have a mean pH of 5.8 (58). These results therefore have practical implications for low pH soils where ammonia oxidation may be dominated by AOA (41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of thein vitroactivity of novel and established nitrification inhibitors applied in agriculture: challenging the effectiveness of the currently available compounds

Papadopoulou

¹

,

Bachtsevani

²

,

Lampronikou

³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) applied to soil reduce nitrogen fertilizer losses 19 from agricultural ecosystems. Currently available NIs appear to selectively inhibit 20 ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (ΑΟΒ), while their impact on other groups of nitrifiers is 21 limited. Ethoxyquin (EQ), a preservative shown to inhibit ammonia-oxidizers (AO) in soil, 22 is rapidly transformed to 2,6-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-quinone imine (QI) and 2,4-23 dimethyl-6-ethoxy-quinoline (EQNL). We compared the inhibitory potential of EQ and its 24 derivatives in vitro with other established NIs that have been applied in an agricultural 25 setting (dicyandiamide (DCD), nitrapyrin (NP), 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP)) 26 by evaluating their impact on the activity and growth of five soil-derived strains (two AOB 27 (Nitrosomonas europaea, Nitrosospira multiformis), two ammonia-oxidizing archaea 28 (AOA) ("Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus franklandus", "Candidatus Nitrosotalea sinensis"), 29 and one nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB) (Nitrobacter sp.)). NIs degradation was also 30 determined. AOA were more sensitive than AOB or NOB to EQ and its derivatives. Despite 31 its transient character, QI was primarily responsible for AO inhibition by EQ, and the most 32 potent NI against AOA. For AOB, QI was more potent than DCD but less than nitrapyrin 33 and DMPP. AOA and NOB showed higher tolerance to the persistent compounds DCD 34 and DMPP. Our findings benchmark the activity range of known and novel NIs with 35 practical implications for their use, and the development of novel NIs with broad or 36 complementary activity against all AO. 37 DMPP: 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, AOB: ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, AOA: ammonia-oxidizing archaea, AO: ammonia-oxidizers, NOB: nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, comammox: complete ammonia-oxidizing bacteria; AMO: ammonia monooxygenase 3 38 KEYWORDS nitrification inhibitors, ethoxyquin, quinone imine, ammonia-oxidizing 39 bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing archaea, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, in vitro assays 40 41Modern agricultural systems depend heavily on large inputs of synthetic N fertilizers to 42 maintain crop productivity and alleviate food crisis for the growing global population (1). 43However, approximately 70% of the annual global input of 100 Tg N fertilizer is lost from 44 agricultural ecosystems due to nitrification and subsequent denitrification processes 45 leading to groundwater and atmospheric pollution through nitrate leaching and nitrogen 46 oxides (NxO) emissions, respectively (2). To reduce N losses and improve nitrogen use 47 efficiency, nitrification inhibitors (NIs) are routinely incorporated into N-stabilized 48 fertilizers to reduce the activities of nitrifying prokaryotes and increase N retention time in 49 soil (3, 4). 50Hundreds of compounds have been identified as potential NIs (5), but only three of 51 them have gained importance for practical use on a global scale: 2-chloro-6-52 (trichloromethyl) pyridine (nitrapyrin) (NP) (6), dicyandiamide (DCD) (7), and 3,4-53 dimethylpyraz...

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GEMAS: Spatial distribution of the pH of European agricultural and grazing land soil

Cited by 77 publications

References 11 publications

Chemical Potential-Induced Wall State Transitions in Plant Cell Growth

Chemical Potential-Induced Wall State Transitions in Plant Cell Growth

Physical, chemical, and mineralogical attributes of a representative group of soils from the eastern Amazon region in Brazil

Comparison of thein vitroactivity of novel and established nitrification inhibitors applied in agriculture: challenging the effectiveness of the currently available compounds

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