GC–MS analysis and antibacterial activities of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts on selected clinical bacterial isolates

Abstract

Background Man has a long history of utilizing herbal preparations to treat infections. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the quantitative phytochemical components, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, and the antibacterial properties of the aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera on some clinical bacterial isolates. Results Aqueous and ethanol extractions from Moringa oleifera yielded 40.75% and 62.87%, respectively. Flavonoid (20.76 mg/100 g) was the highest, while saponin (2.00 mg/100 g) was the least of all phytochemicals detected. The proximate nutrient composition revealed that carbohydrate (46.59%) had the highest, while lipid (7.37%) was the least. Eleven compounds were detected in both extracts by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The eleven compounds identified had higher concentrations in the ethanol extract except 2-octenoic (26.09 mg/kg) acid and 1, 2-epoxyhexadecane (8.84 mg/kg) in aqueous extract which were considerably higher than 0.62 mg/kg and < 0.01 mg/kg in ethanol extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were 6.25 mg/ml against the test organisms for ethanol extract. Conclusion The antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract was more active against the bacterial isolates than the aqueous, which increased as the extract concentration increases. The reports revealed that Moringa oleifera is an all-important herb that can inhibit infections from the studied pathogenic bacteria isolates.

GC–MS profiling and antibacterial activity of Solanum khasianum leaf and root extracts

“…The bioactive molecule n -Hexadecanoic acid has reported to have multiple biological properties in Vitex negundo (Kumar et al 2019 ; Enerijiofi et al 2021 ). The phytol, a bioactive compound reported earlier in several species like Hydrilla verticillate, Gracilaria edulis and Carissa carandas with diversified medicinal uses (Prabha et al 2019 ; Rao et al 2019 ).…”

Chemical characterization, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic potentials of Swietenia mahagoni

“…The oven temperature was programmed at an initial temperature of 50 °C (hold for 2 min) to 150 °C at an increasing rate of 7 °C/min to 270 °C at an increasing rate of 5 °C/min (hold for 2 min) to 310 °C as a final temperature at an increasing rate of 3.5 °C/min (hold for 10 min) (Enerijiof et al 2021 ). The quantification of all identified components was investigated using a percent relative peak area.…”

Structural, thermal, techno‐functional and chemical characterization using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Gas‐Chromatography‐Mass Spectrophotometry, Thermogravimetric Analyser, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy‐Dispersive X‐Ray Spectrometer of Moringa Oleifera flower powder

“…A GC–MS study on Moringa oleifera leaf extracts by Enerijiofi et al . (2021) revealed the presence of 11 compounds, including 2‐octenoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, 6‐octadecenoic acid, 5‐nonanol‐dibutylcarbinol, 1‐hydroxyl‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐3‐(4‐nitroso‐1‐piperazinylmethyl)—piperidine‐4‐one, 1,2‐benzene dicarboxylic, 5‐hydroxyl‐2‐(hydroxylmethyl)‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one, 1,2‐epoxyhexadecane (oxirane) and 11‐bromoundecanoic acid.…”

“…In the end, all the compounds were identified by the retention time and fragmentation pattern along with mass spectra of the NIST spectral library of the GC–MS software. The carrier gas used in the gas chamber was helium at a flow rate of 2 mL/min (Anand et al ., 2016; Enerijiofi et al ., 2021).…”