Gaze Exploration Index (GE i)-Explainable Detection Model for Glaucoma

Abstract

Glaucoma is a type of visual impairment that is caused due to damage in the optic nerve. The vision loss increases from the peripheral vision towards the central vision, leading to blindness if untreated. The proposed approach is a Computer-Aided Detection (CADe) system using deep learning to screen visual field loss in glaucoma patients while performing different day-to-day activities such as searching objects, viewing photographs, etc. Incorporating an eye-tracking device helps to identify eye movements of glaucoma patients while performing different activities. Different day-to-day activities are depicted in the form of visual exploration tasks. CADe system fuses performance parameters and eye gaze parameters during visual exploration tasks onto images, to guide health care professionals of primary eye care centers in glaucoma screening. The pertinent eye gaze and performance parameters are visualized in the form of three fusion maps: Gaze Fusion Map (GFM), Gaze Fusion Reaction Time (GFRT) map, Gaze Convex Hull Map (GCHM), which are the outcomes of different visual exploration tasks. In addition, the explainability techniques applied in CADe generated Gaze Exploration -index (GE-i) that discriminates glaucoma and normal.

ETMT: A Tool for Eye-Tracking-Based Trail-Making Test to Detect Cognitive Impairment

“…The sampling frequency of the eye tracker was 60 Hz. Exclusion criteria involved participants with drooping eyelids, contact lenses, squinting, difficult glasses, glasses with more than one power (bifocals, trifocals, and progressives), the use of alcohol or psychotropic medication, recent eye surgery, and eye alignment abnormalities [ 64 ]. The participants who did not meet the specified exclusion criteria were included in the study.…”

PredictEYE: Personalized Time Series Model for Mental State Prediction Using Eye Tracking

“…Therefore, it can indicate mental illness more efficiently than other modalities. Various sensing technologies like eye tracking [30], [50]- [52], accelerometers, gyroscopes, pupil corneal reflection, head tracker, Electroencephalogram (EEG) [35], [53], Electrocardiogram (ECG), photoplethysmogram, GSR, pressuresensitive touch screen [54], [55], heart rate sensor, sound sensor, temperature sensor, oxygen saturation sensor, salivary cortisol detector [56] etc. are used for monitoring mental health [13].…”

“…Eye Tracking helps to measure cognitive load, concentration, focus, drowsiness, consciousness, and other mental states [50], [59]. Technologies to track the eye have become efficient, cheap, and compact and are increasing use in many fields, including gaming, driver safety, military, education [60], product recommendation system, psychology research, cognitive studies [51], market analysis, medical research [52], [61] [62], advertising [63], and healthcare [64], [65]. [66], [67].…”

“…Eye tracking can measure cognitive load, concentration, focus, drowsiness, consciousness, and other mental states important in identifying and managing mental health issues. Eye tracking is becoming increasingly important in mental health research, providing valuable information about emotional responses and mechanisms underlying human behavior [50], [52], [58], [59], [61], [64], [65].…”