Gastrointestinal mucosal development and injury in premature lambs supported by the artificial placenta

McLeod, Jennifer S.; Church, John; Yerramilli, Prathusha; Coughlin, Megan A.; Perkins, Elena M.; Rabah, Raja; Bartlett, Robert H.; Rojas-Peña, Álvaro; Greenson, Joel K.; Perrone, Erin E.; Mychaliska, George B.

doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.02.092

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) as described in Holle et al [12], then digitized and measured by a fluorescence microscope camera via DP2-BSW software (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). The crypt depth (CD), villus height (VH), and VH:CD ratio was measured according to methods described by McLeod et al [13]. For each section, 12 of the most representative villi and crypt were used for measurement.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of tannins and cellulase on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, blood profiles, intestinal morphology and carcass characteristics in Hu sheep

Zhao

Tang

et al. 2019

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of tannins and cellulase on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, intestinal morphology, and carcass characteristics in Hu sheep. Methods A total of 48 three-month-old meat Hu sheep (25.05±0.9 kg) were blocked based on body weight, and randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 3 replicates of 4 sheep each. The experiment lasted for 80 d, and dietary treatments were as follows: i) CON, control diet; ii) TAN, CON+0.1% tannins; iii) CEL, CON+0.1% cellulase; iv) TAN+CEL, CON+0.1% tannins and 0.1% cellulase. Results Compared with CON, CEL, and TAN+CEL had greater (p<0.05) final body weight (FBW) and average daily gain but lower (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio, while FBW of TAN+ CEL was lower (p<0.05) than that of CEL. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter in TAN, CEL, and TAN+CEL groups were higher (p<0.05) than that in CON. CEL and TAN+CEL groups had greater (p<0.05) ATTD of crude fiber compared with TAN and CON, while TAN group had lower (p<0.05) ATTD of crude protein than other treatments. TAN, CEL, and TAN+CEL groups increased (p<0.05) serum globulin and alkaline phosphatase but decreased (p<0.05) albumin/globulin. Serum total protein was greatest for TAN+CEL, intermediate for TAN and CEL and least for CON (p<0.05). TAN+CEL group increased (p<0.05) dressing percentage compared with CON, while the backfat thickness of CEL was lower (p<0.05) than that of CON. The villus height of jejunum and ileum in CEL and TAN+CEL groups were greater (p<0.05) than that in CON, and the crypt depth and villus height: crypt depth of jejunum were increased (p<0.05) in TAN, CEL, and TAN+CEL groups. Conclusion The addition of tannins and cellulase together promoted nutrient digestion, liver protein synthesis and intestinal development and thus improved growth performance and carcass characteristics.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of tannins and cellulase on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, blood profiles, intestinal morphology and carcass characteristics in Hu sheep

Zhao

Tang

et al. 2019

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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“… 96 Due to concerns of sepsis, AF submersion was omitted and a fluid‐filled endotracheal tube was used as a surrogate for fluid immersion. With persistent effort, average duration of fetal survival in this model was prolonged from 1 day up to almost 2 weeks 97‐101 . The model requires vasopressors to stabilize hemodynamics, administration of supraphysiological partial oxygen pressures to ensure adequate oxygenation and reports inconsistent maintenance of ductal patency despite infusion of PGE1 98,99,102 …”

Section: Current Successful Ap and Aw Models: Design And Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abbreviations: ( §) = the groups most recent published study describes the use of a modified circuit (single oxygenator) and an adapted cannulation technique (UV intraabdominal, 2*UA extra-abdominal), (*) = this might be due to predefined study end points. Note: For the schematic representations of the different models, elements from figures from McLeod et al 100 were used after obtaining permission from the publisher.…”

Section: Current Successful Ap and Aw Models: Design And Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial placenta and womb technology: Past, current, and future challenges towards clinical translation

et al. 2020

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Extreme prematurity remains a major cause of neonatal mortality and severe long‐term morbidity. Current neonatal care is associated with significant morbidity due to iatrogenic injury and developmental immaturity of extreme premature infants. A more physiologic approach, replacing placental function and providing a womb‐like environment, is the foundational principle of artificial placenta (AP) and womb (AW) technology. The concept has been studied during the past 60 years with limited success. However, recent technological advancements and a greater emphasis on mimicking utero‐placental physiology have improved the success of experimental models, bringing the technology closer to clinical translation. Here, we review the rationale for and history of AP and AW technology, discuss the challenges that needed to be overcome, and compare recent successful models. We conclude by outlining some remaining challenges to be addressed on the path towards clinical translation and opportunities for future research.

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“…Post hoc power analysis suggests doubling our sample size may result in significant findings in fetal growth measurements. Further, although the analysis of gut development in EXTEND did not show any measur- able difference between experimental animals and controls -a finding supported by McLeod et al [18] -much of the existing scientific literature argues for the importance of these proteins, particularly when studied within NEC animal models. NEC is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) [19,20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

A Rabbit Model for Optimization of Amniotic Fluid Components in the EXTrauterine Environment for Newborn Development (EXTEND) System

et al. 2020

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In this model article, we present a protocol for continuous amniotic fluid exchange in rabbits using a novel system to test the effects of growth factor-deficient, artificial amniotic fluid on bowel development. Background: Ideally, the EXTrauterine Environment for Neonatal Development (EXTEND) will provide physiologic support to the extreme premature infant. An important component of that environment is the amniotic fluid. Thus, we developed an animal model to study the growth factors found within amniotic fluid and inform design of a synthetic fluid to optimize fetal development. Methods: We designed a model of amniotic fluid exchange within the pregnant rabbit, continuously removing the natural fluid from around 2 fetuses per doe and replacing it with a physiologic electrolyte solution during the final 100 h of gestation. Two fetuses from the contralateral uterine horn were used as sham-operated controls. Thirty-eight fetuses were analyzed, 19 in each group. We analyzed the fetal growth and bowel development. Results: Ultrasound after 100 h of exchange showed equivalent fluid volumes, p = 0.63. Cultures were negative for bacterial colonization. Final fluid protein concentrations were 11.6% that of control fluid (mean 1,451 ± 224.2 vs. 12,491 ± 849.2 μg/mL). There was no significant difference in fetal growth, with experimental weights 91.4% of control weights, p = 0.07. Fetal bowel weights (90.1%, p = 0.16) and lengths (94.2%, p = 0.49) were also not significantly less compared to controls. There was no significant difference in villous height or crypt depth measurements between the groups, and absorptive capacity of the bowel was not different between groups, p = 0.44. Conclusion: This animal model allows for manipulation of the components of amniotic fluid. Marked reduction of natural amniotic fluid proteins during gestation does not appear to significantly impair fetal growth or bowel development. Further work with this model will assess the importance of amniotic fluid components for normal development to inform design of a synthetic fluid for use during EXTEND.

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Gastrointestinal mucosal development and injury in premature lambs supported by the artificial placenta

Abstract: N/A.

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of tannins and cellulase on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, blood profiles, intestinal morphology and carcass characteristics in Hu sheep

Effect of tannins and cellulase on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, blood profiles, intestinal morphology and carcass characteristics in Hu sheep

Artificial placenta and womb technology: Past, current, and future challenges towards clinical translation

A Rabbit Model for Optimization of Amniotic Fluid Components in the EXTrauterine Environment for Newborn Development (EXTEND) System

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