Gastric nematode diversity between estuarine and inland freshwater populations of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis, daudin 1802), and the prediction of intermediate hosts

Tellez, Marisa; Nifong, James C.

doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.07.001

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Caimans are known to be generalist predators that feed on diverse preys including fish, turtles, anurans and other aquatic and terrestrial animals. Animals sharing ecological niches and serving as food are known to share parasites with crocodilians ( Junker and Boomker, 2006 , Tellez and Nifong, 2014 ). In this context, it is worth emphasizing that T. clandestinus was placed closest to fish trypanosomes within a major assemblage of parasites transmitted by aquatic leeches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field and experimental evidence of a new caiman trypanosome species closely phylogenetically related to fish trypanosomes and transmitted by leeches

Fermino

Paiva

Soares

et al. 2015

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Trypanosoma terena and Trypanosoma ralphi are known species of the South American crocodilians Caiman crocodilus, Caiman yacare and Melanosuchus niger and are phylogenetically related to the tsetse-transmitted Trypanosoma grayi of the African Crocodylus niloticus. These trypanosomes form the Crocodilian clade of the terrestrial clade of the genus Trypanosoma. A PCR-survey for trypanosomes in caiman blood samples and in leeches taken from caimans revealed unknown trypanosome diversity and frequent mixed infections. Phylogenies based on SSU (small subunit) of rRNA and gGAPDH (glycosomal Glyceraldehyde Phosphate Dehydrogenase) gene sequences revealed a new trypanosome species clustering with T. terena and T. ralphi in the crocodilian clade and an additional new species nesting in the distant Aquatic clade of trypanosomes, which is herein named Trypanosoma clandestinus n. sp. This new species was found in Caiman yacare, Caiman crocodilus and M. niger from the Pantanal and Amazonian biomes in Brazil. Large numbers of dividing epimastigotes and unique thin and long trypomastigotes were found in the guts of leeches (Haementeria sp.) removed from the mouths of caimans. The trypanosomes recovered from the leeches had sequences identical to those of T. clandestinus of caiman blood samples. Experimental infestation of young caimans (Caiman yacare) with infected leeches resulted in long-lasting T. clandestinus infections that permitted us to delineate its life cycle. In contrast to T. terena, T. ralphi and T. grayi, which are detectable by hemoculturing, microscopy and standard PCR of caiman blood, T. clandestinus passes undetected by these methods due to very low parasitemia and could be detected solely by the more sensitive nested PCR method. T. clandestinus n. sp. is the first crocodilian trypanosome known to be transmitted by leeches and positioned in the aquatic clade closest to fish trypanosomes. Our data show that caimans can host trypanosomes of the aquatic or terrestrial clade, sometimes simultaneously.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field and experimental evidence of a new caiman trypanosome species closely phylogenetically related to fish trypanosomes and transmitted by leeches

Fermino

Paiva

Soares

et al. 2015

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Then, the eggs are released from the host through faecal matter 58 . The eggs become embryonated in the water, and the infective L3 larvae hatch from eggs as free-swimming larvae that are ingested by crustaceans or fishes 44 , 59 . These animals could be ingested directly by the definitive host or by a new fish, in the latter case remaining as paratenic hosts until reaching the definitive host by ingestion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Dujardinascaris sp. anisakids are associated with crocodyloids and alligatoroids as definitive hosts 31 , 43 , 44 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The shape, size, absence of inclusions, and parasitic content of the cylinder coprolite MUPA-LH28719a are fully congruent with the presence of Ascarid sp. eggs, which are frequently found in Mesozoic crocodyliform coprolites 6 , 60 , as well as in extant members of the Crocodylia clade 31 , 43 , 44 . Thus, the anisakid lifecycle started with an infected crocodyliform (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The egg wall, the circular shape (quasi-spherical), the smooth outer surface, and the diameter show similarities with the eggs of the Anisakis nematode-like Brevimulticaecum sp. 43 , 44 , Dujardinascaris sp. 31 , 44 , and Terranova sp 45 .…”

Section: Systematic Palaeontology and Descriptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Helminth eggs from early cretaceous faeces

Pedro

Osuna

Buscalioni

2020

Sci Rep

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The exceptional fossil site of Las Hoyas (upper Barremian, Cuenca, Spain) yields abundant small to medium vertebrate coprolites, hindering the search for parasites. We studied the contents of 29 coprolites that were previously classified into distinct morphotypes. Several parasitic eggs were retrieved from two of these coprolites, confirming the second record of digenea trematode eggs and nematode (ascaridid) eggs from an Early Cretaceous locality. The cylindrical coprolite containing anisakid eggs was likely produced by a crocodylomorph as the parasite host, whereas the bump-headed lace coprolite indicates the role of a fish as an intermediary or definitive host of the trematodes and ascaridids. These trace and body fossils show that the Las Hoyas 126–129 Ma lacustrine ecosystem documents the early connection between basal Gonorynchiformes fish and digenetic trematodes.

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Alligator wrestling: morphological, molecular, and phylogenetic data on Odhneriotrema incommodum (Leidy, 1856) (Digenea: Clinostomidae) from Alligator mississippiensis Daudin, 1801 in Mississippi, USA

2017

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Based on specimens collected from harvested American alligator Alligator mississippiensis Daudin, 1801 in Mississippi, USA, novel molecular data for both nuclear ribosomal genes (18S, ITS1-5.8S, ITS2, and 28S) and mitochondrial genes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1) are provided for Odhneriotrema incommodum (Leidy, 1856), a trematode of the family Clinostomidae Lühe, 1901 infecting A. mississippiensis and the Florida spotted gar Lepisosteus platyrhincus DeKay, 1842. This represents the first sequencing data available for the genus Odhneriotrema and the subfamily Nephrocephalinae Travassos, 1928. Additionally, the results of phylogenetic analyses, additional morphometric data, a photomicrograph, and a line drawing supporting the present identification of O. incommodum are provided. These data will aid in elucidating the life cycle of O. incommodum through molecular identification of larval stages as well as understanding the evolutionary history of Clinostomidae and its subfamilies. Implications for the currently accepted organization of the Clinostomidae are discussed.

show abstract

Gastric nematode diversity between estuarine and inland freshwater populations of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis, daudin 1802), and the prediction of intermediate hosts

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Field and experimental evidence of a new caiman trypanosome species closely phylogenetically related to fish trypanosomes and transmitted by leeches

Field and experimental evidence of a new caiman trypanosome species closely phylogenetically related to fish trypanosomes and transmitted by leeches

Helminth eggs from early cretaceous faeces

Alligator wrestling: morphological, molecular, and phylogenetic data on Odhneriotrema incommodum (Leidy, 1856) (Digenea: Clinostomidae) from Alligator mississippiensis Daudin, 1801 in Mississippi, USA

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