Gasophthalmus in black sea bream (Spondyliosoma cantharus) caused by Sarcinomyces crustaceus lindner

Todaro, F.; Berdar, A.; Cavaliere, Arturo; Criseo, Giuseppe; Pernice, Lucia

doi:10.1007/bf00436985

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Hortaea werneckii is more frequently found in eutrophic thalasso-haline waters at moderate temperatures, while it is not known to occur in oligotrophic or athalasso-haline hypersaline waters, and only rarely in hypersaline waters with elevated temperatures . Occasionally, H. werneckii has been found in seawater (Iwatsu & Udagawa 1988), on rocks adjacent to seawater (Ruibal et al 2009), and inhabiting sea sponges (Brauers et al 2001), corals (Amend et al 2012, marine fish (Todaro et al 1983), salted freshwater fish (Mok et al 1981), beach soil (de Hoog & Guého 1998), saltern microbial mats (Cantrell et al 2006), and salt marsh plants (Formoso et al 2015), and as an endophyte in mangrove plants (Chen et al 2012). Recently, it was discovered in an indoor dust sample collected in Hawaii (Humphries et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The extremely halotolerant black yeast Hortaea werneckii - a model for intraspecific hybridization in clonal fungi

et al. 2019

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The polymorphic black yeast Hortaea werneckii (Capnodiales, Ascomycota) is extremely halotolerant (growth from 0 to 30% [w/v] NaCl) and has been extensively studied as a model for halotolerance in Eukaryotes for over two decades. Its most frequent sources are hypersaline environments and adjacent sea-water habitats in temperate, subtropical and tropical climates. Although typically saprobic, H. werneckii can also act as a commensal coloniser on human skin, causing tinea nigra on hands and soles. Here, we report that addition of NaCl to culture media expands the growth range of H. werneckii to 37 °C, which explains its colonisation of human skin, with its increased salinity. The morphological and physiological plasticity/ versatility of H. werneckii indicate that a species complex might be involved. This was investigated in this polyphasic taxonomic analysis based on the global diversity of H. werneckii strains collected from hypersaline environments, and from humans and animals. Analysis of D1/ D2domains of 28S and internal transcribed spacer rDNA revealed 10 and 17 genotypes, respectively, that were not always compliant. The genotypes have global distributions. Human and environmental strains with the same genotypes are intermingled. Due to the limited number of phylogenetically informative characters in the ribosomal DNA dataset, the partial genes encoding for β-tubulin (BTB) and mini-chromosome maintenance protein (MCM7) were also sequenced. The use of these genes was hampered by ambiguous sequences obtained by Sanger sequencing, as a consequence of the diploid and highly heterozygous genome of many H. werneckii strains. Analysis of the BTB and MCM7 genes showed that in some cases two copies of the gene from the same genome are positioned in distant phylogenetic clusters of the intraspecific gene tree. Analysis of whole-genome sequences of selected H. werneckii strains generally confirmed the phylogenetic distances estimated on the basis of ribosomal genes, but also showed substantial reticulation within the phylogenetic history of the strains. This is in line with the hypothesis that the diploid genomes of H. werneckii were formed by hybridizations, which have sometimes occurred between relatively divergent strains.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The extremely halotolerant black yeast Hortaea werneckii - a model for intraspecific hybridization in clonal fungi

et al. 2019

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“…Besides its involvement in tinea nigra, H. werneckii was also known as one of the few species of fungi capable of contaminating food preserved with high concentrations of NaCl (Mok and Barreto da Silva 1981), without showing any obligate requirement for NaCl (Andrews and Pitt 1987). In addition to human skin and salty food, the fungus has been isolated from seawater (Iwatsu and Udagawa 1988), marine fish (Todaro et al 1983), beach soil (de Hoog and Gué ho 1998) and arid inorganic and organic surfaces (Krumbein et al 1996). On the basis of H. werneckii random isolations from different low water activity substrates and in vitro ecophysiological studies it was suggested that salt might be the decisive factor in its ecology and therefore in the etiology of tinea nigra.…”

Section: Ecology Of Hortaea Werneckiimentioning

confidence: 97%

Ecology and molecular adaptations of the halophilic black yeast Hortaea werneckii

Gunde‐Cimerman

Plemenitaš

2006

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

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Molecular studies on halophilic adaptations have focused on prokaryotic microorganisms due to a lack of known appropriate eukaryotic halophilic microorganisms. However, the black yeast Hortaea werneckii has been identified as the dominant fungal species in hypersaline waters on three continents. It represents a new model organism for studying the mechanisms of salt tolerance in eukaryotes. Ultrastructural studies of the H. werneckii cell wall have shown that it synthesizes dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin under both saline and non-saline growth conditions. However, melanin granules in the cell walls are organized in a salt-dependent way, implying the potential osmoprotectant role of melanin. At the level of membrane structure, H. werneckii maintains a sterol-to-phospholipid ratio significantly lower than the salt-sensitive Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Accordingly, membranes of H. werneckii are more fluid over a wide range of NaCl concentrations, indicating high intrinsic salt stress tolerance. Even H. werneckii grown in high NaCl concentrations maintains very low intracellular amounts of potassium and sodium, demonstrating the sodium-excluder character of this organism. The salt-dependent expressions of two HwENA genes suggest roles for them in the adaptation to changing salt concentrations. The high similarity of these ENA ATPases to other fungal ENA ATPases involved in Na + /K + transport indicates their potential importance in H. werneckii ion homeostasis. Glycerol is the main compatible solute which accumulates in the cytoplasm of H. werneckii at high salinity, although it seems that mycosporines may also act as supplementary compatible solutes. Salt dependent increase in glycerol synthesis is supported by the identification of two copies of a gene putatively coding for glycerol-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase. Expression of only one of these genes is salt dependent.

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“…On the basis of ecophysiological studies it was suggested that salt might be the decisive factor in the etiology of tinea nigra and H. werneckii ecology. In addition to human skin, the fungus has been isolated from seawater (Iwatsu and Udagawa, 1988), marine fish (Todaro et al, 1983), salted freshwater fish (Mok et al, 1981) and beach soil (de Hoog and Gueho, 1998). Nevertheless, its primary environmental ecological niche remained was not known.…”

Section: Hortaea Werneckii a Halophilic "Black Yeast"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation to Life at High Salt Concentrations in Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya

Gunde‐Cimerman¹,

Oren²,

Plemenitaš³

2005

Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology

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Gasophthalmus in black sea bream (Spondyliosoma cantharus) caused by Sarcinomyces crustaceus lindner

Cited by 16 publications

References 4 publications

The extremely halotolerant black yeast Hortaea werneckii - a model for intraspecific hybridization in clonal fungi

The extremely halotolerant black yeast Hortaea werneckii - a model for intraspecific hybridization in clonal fungi

Ecology and molecular adaptations of the halophilic black yeast Hortaea werneckii

Adaptation to Life at High Salt Concentrations in Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya

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