Gas sensors for climate research

Scholz, Louisa; Pérez, A.; Bierer, Benedikt; Wöllenstein, Jürgen; Palzer, Stefan

doi:10.5194/jsss-7-535-2018

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…With the emergence of microsystems technology, efforts have begun to miniaturize the URAS setup [47][48][49]. To this end, simulations of the sensitivity function of standard NDIR and photoacoustic NDIR underscore the potential for miniaturization [50] and experimental data does support this [51].…”

Section: Indirect Photoacoustic (Ndir Setups)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoacoustic-Based Gas Sensing: A Review

Palzer

2020

Sensors

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104

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The use of the photoacoustic effect to gauge the concentration of gases is an attractive alternative in the realm of optical detection methods. Even though the effect has been applied for gas sensing for almost a century, its potential for ultra-sensitive and miniaturized devices is still not fully explored. This review article revisits two fundamentally different setups commonly used to build photoacoustic-based gas sensors and presents some distinguished results in terms of sensitivity, ultra-low detection limits, and miniaturization. The review contrasts the two setups in terms of the respective possibilities to tune the selectivity, sensitivity, and potential for miniaturization.

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Section: Indirect Photoacoustic (Ndir Setups)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoacoustic-Based Gas Sensing: A Review

Palzer

2020

Sensors

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104

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“…Using a cubic regression curve for the response R = S (cCO2 = 0 ppm)/ S (cCO2) of the form: R(cCO2)=∑i=03βi cCO2i, with cCO2 the CO 2 concentration in ppm and βi the regression parameters yields: β0 = 0.99742 ± 0.00197; β1 = (−81.8975 ± 4.4699) × 10 −6 ppm −1 ; β2 = (9.50238 ± 1.92614) × 10 −9 ppm −2 ; β3 = (−6.38218 ± 2.26994) × 10 −13 ppm − ³. Characterization of the sensor type presented in previous work has showed no cross-sensitivities to humidity [30] and a detection range between 0–7000 ppm CO 2 at 1 bar pressure [51] with operating temperatures between 15 °C and 50 °C (c.f. Figure 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Wireless Gas Sensor Network to Monitor Indoor Environmental Quality in Schools

Pérez

Bierer

Scholz

et al. 2018

Sensors

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Schools are amongst the most densely occupied indoor areas and at the same time children and young adults are the most vulnerable group with respect to adverse health effects as a result of poor environmental conditions. Health, performance and well-being of pupils crucially depend on indoor environmental quality (IEQ) of which air quality and thermal comfort are central pillars. This makes the monitoring and control of environmental parameters in classes important. At the same time most school buildings do neither feature automated, intelligent heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems nor suitable IEQ monitoring systems. In this contribution, we therefore investigate the capabilities of a novel wireless gas sensor network to determine carbon dioxide concentrations, along with temperature and humidity. The use of a photoacoustic detector enables the construction of long-term stable, miniaturized, LED-based non-dispersive infrared absorption spectrometers without the use of a reference channel. The data of the sensor nodes is transmitted via a Z-Wave protocol to a central gateway, which in turn sends the data to a web-based platform for online analysis. The results show that it is difficult to maintain adequate IEQ levels in class rooms even when ventilating frequently and that individual monitoring and control of rooms is necessary to combine energy savings and good IEQ.

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“…The dynamic range and limit of detection of indirect photoacoustic setups can be tailored via the absorption path length. The current system has been designed to detect leakages from Biogas plants but may be adapted via changes in optical path length for applications for determining Biogas quality or soil respiration . To this end, the light interacts with the gas sample along an optical path length d = 3 mm, where interaction between the light and gas matrix leads to attenuation according to Beer–Lambert’s law.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current system has been designed to detect leakages from Biogas plants but may be adapted via changes in optical path length for applications for determining Biogas quality 21 or soil respiration. 22 To this end, the light interacts with the gas sample along an optical path length d = 3 mm, where interaction between the light and gas matrix leads to attenuation according to Beer–Lambert’s law. For this optical path length and the respective LED spatial emission profile, no waveguiding optics are required to overlap both beams, thus simultaneously illuminating the photoacoustic detector.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated, Selective, Simultaneous Multigas Sensing Based on Nondispersive Infrared Spectroscopy-Type Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

Rodriguez Gutierrez,

Ortiz Perez,

Palzer

2023

ACS Sens.

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Most chemical sensing scenarios require the selective and simultaneous determination of the concentrations of multiple gas species. In order to enable large-scale monitoring, reliability, robustness, and the potential for integration and miniaturization are key parameters that next-generation sensing technologies must comply with. Due to their superior sensitivity and selectivity as compared to standard NDIR-type systems, photoacoustic NDIR-approaches offer a means for selective detection at much reduced system dimensions such that microintegration becomes feasible. This contribution presents an acoustic frequency multiplexing method to integrate sensing capabilities for the parallel analysis of multiple gases in a single device without loss in selectivity via sound frequency separation. The approach is demonstrated using mid-infrared light emitting diodes and a multigas photoacoustic detector to monitor some of the most important greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide and methane. The number of gas species the sensor concept is able to detect simultaneously can be expanded without increasing the size of the system or its complexity. Additionally, the results demonstrate that the integrated device features the same selectivity and sensitivity as the currently used single gas photoacoustic NDIR systems. Furthermore, the possibility of an extension to any number of gas species is argued.

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Gas sensors for climate research

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Photoacoustic-Based Gas Sensing: A Review

Photoacoustic-Based Gas Sensing: A Review

A Wireless Gas Sensor Network to Monitor Indoor Environmental Quality in Schools

Integrated, Selective, Simultaneous Multigas Sensing Based on Nondispersive Infrared Spectroscopy-Type Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

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