Gas–particle concentrations and distribution of aliphatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, PCBs and PCDD/Fs in the atmosphere of Athens (Greece)

Mandalakis, Manolis; Tsapakis, Manolis; Tsoga, Athanasia; Stephanou, Euripides G.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(02)00362-x

Cited by 313 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Total 14 PAH concentrations measured at suburban and urban sites in the present study are considerably lower than those reported for urban sites in Bursa [24] and in Chicago [25]. However, total 14 PAH concentrations measured at all sites in this study are significantly higher than those reported by Mandalakis et al [26] for urban Athens. The PAH levels measured at suburban site in this study are similar to those reported by Bozlaker et al [5] for an industrial site in Izmir, by Tsapakis and Stephanou [27] for urban Heraklion, by Ohura et al [28] for industrial sites in Fuji and Shimizu, and by Dachs et al [29] for urban/industrial Baltimore.…”

Section: Ambient Concentrationscontrasting

confidence: 84%

Particle-phase dry deposition and air–soil gas exchange of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Izmir, Turkey

Demircioglu

Sofuoğlu

Odabaşı

2011

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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a b s t r a c tAmbient air and dry deposition samples were collected at suburban and urban sites in Izmir, Turkey. Atmospheric total (particle + gas) 14 PAHs concentrations were 36 ± 39 and 144 ± 163 ng m −3 for suburban and urban sites, respectively. Phenanthrene was the most abundant compound at all sites, and all samples were dominated by low molecular weight PAHs. Average particulate 14 PAH dry deposition fluxes were 8160 ± 5024 and 4286 ± 2782 ng m −2 day −1 and overall average particulate dry deposition velocities were 1.5 ± 2.4 and 1.0 ± 2.3 cm s −1 for suburban and urban sites, respectively. Soil samples were collected at suburban site. Average soil concentration for 14 PAH was 55.9 ± 14.4 ng g −1 dry weight. Calculated gas-phase air-soil exchange fluxes indicated that fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and carbazole were deposited to soil in winter while they were volatilized in summer. Other compounds (fluoranthene-benzo[g,h,i]perylene) were deposited to soil in both periods. Annual average fluxes of PAHs representing soil to air (i.e., gas volatilization) and air to soil transfer (i.e., gas absorption, dry deposition, and wet deposition) processes were also compared. All processes were comparable for 14 PAHs however their input was dominated by gas absorption. Gas absorption dominated for lower molecular weight PAHs, however dry deposition dominated for higher molecular weight PAHs. The results have suggested that for fluorene, soil and air may be approaching a steady state condition. For the remaining compounds, there was a net accumulation into the soil.

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Section: Ambient Concentrationscontrasting

confidence: 84%

Particle-phase dry deposition and air–soil gas exchange of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Izmir, Turkey

Demircioglu

Sofuoğlu

Odabaşı

2011

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…This points to the significance of PCB sources in urban areas for regional distribution discussed previously (Diamond et al 2010). Urban-to-rural PCB gradients were also observed in the Mediterranean (Mandalakis et al 2002;Gasić et al 2010). PCB patterns in air are almost identical across all sites in the region (Table S6a).…”

Section: Levels Trends and Patterns Of Pts In Near-ground Airmentioning

confidence: 74%

Air and seawater pollution and air–sea gas exchange of persistent toxic substances in the Aegean Sea: spatial trends of PAHs, PCBs, OCPs and PBDEs

Lammel

Audy

Besis

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Near-ground air (26 substances) and surface seawater (55 substances) concentrations of persistent toxic substances (PTS) were determined in July 2012 in a coordinated and coherent way around the Aegean Sea based on passive air (10 sites in 5 areas) and water (4 sites in 2 areas) sampling. The direction of air-sea exchange was determined for 18 PTS. Identical samplers were deployed at all sites and were analysed at one laboratory. hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) as well as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its degradation products are evenly distributed in the air of the whole region. Air concentrations of p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p′-DDE) and o,p′-DDT and seawater concentrations of p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDD were elevated in Thermaikos Gulf, northwestern Aegean Sea. The polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener pattern in air is identical throughout the region, while polybrominated diphenylether (PBDE)patterns are obviously dissimilar between Greece and Turkey. Various pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), PCBs, DDE, and penta-and hexachlorobenzene are found close to phase equilibrium or net-volatilisational (upward flux), similarly at a remote site (on Crete) and in the more polluted Thermaikos Gulf. The results suggest that effective passive air sampling volumes may not be representative across sites when PAHs significantly partitioning to the particulate phase are included.

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“…In addition background levels of many contaminants are present in dust and air (60,61) and may be a source of contamination in the laboratory. One study found low, but quantifiable, abundances of fatty acids in previously Soxhlet extracted pottery (62), suggesting that background levels of fatty acids are between 3 and 13 µg/g, and Evershed (4) suggests that levels of residues below 5 µg/g should be considered as background.…”

Section: Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Residues in Archaeology: The Highs and Lows of Recent Research

Steele

2013

ACS Symposium Series

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The analysis of organic residues from archaeological materials has become increasingly important to our understanding of ancient diet, trade and technology. Residues from diverse contexts have been retrieved and analysed from the remains of food, medicine and cosmetics to hafting material on stone arrowheads, pitch and tar from shipwrecks, and ancient manure from soils. Research has brought many advances in our understanding of archaeological, organic residues over the past two decades. Some have enabled very specific and detailed interpretations of materials preserved in the archaeological record. However there are still areas where we know very little, like the mechanisms at work during the formation and preservation of residues, and areas where each advance produces more questions rather than answers, as in the identification of degraded fats. This chapter will discuss some of the significant achievements in the field over the past decade and the ongoing challenges for research in this area.1341280_File000001_20903114.docPrinted 7/19/2013 2

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Gas–particle concentrations and distribution of aliphatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, PCBs and PCDD/Fs in the atmosphere of Athens (Greece)

Cited by 313 publications

References 33 publications

Particle-phase dry deposition and air–soil gas exchange of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Izmir, Turkey

Particle-phase dry deposition and air–soil gas exchange of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Izmir, Turkey

Air and seawater pollution and air–sea gas exchange of persistent toxic substances in the Aegean Sea: spatial trends of PAHs, PCBs, OCPs and PBDEs

Organic Residues in Archaeology: The Highs and Lows of Recent Research

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