Gas migration along fault systems and through the vadose zone in the Latera caldera (central Italy): Implications for CO2 geological storage

Annunziatellis, A.; Beaubien, S.E.; Bigi, Sabina; Ciotoli, Giancarlo; Coltella, M.; Lombardi, S.

doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2008.02.003

Cited by 191 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…In fact, natural larger-scale releases of CO 2 , such as in volcanic areas, frequently occur along faults, usually along channels or intersections of faults (e.g. Annunziatellis et al 2008;Cappa et al 2009). Gas leakage though faults from hydrocarbon reservoirs or underground gas storage facilities has also been inferred from seismic surveys as a ''push down'' of the seismic signature (Zoback and Zinke 2002;Juhlin et al 2007).…”

Section: Potential Fault Reactivation and Notable Seismic Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Geomechanics of CO2 Storage in Deep Sedimentary Formations

2012

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This paper provides a review of the geomechanics and modeling of geomechanics associated with geologic carbon storage (GCS), focusing on storage in deep sedimentary formations, in particular saline aquifers. The paper first introduces the concept of storage in deep sedimentary formations, the geomechanical processes and issues related with such an operation, and the relevant geomechanical modeling tools. This is followed by a more detailed review of geomechanical aspects, including reservoir stressstrain and microseismicity, well integrity, caprock sealing performance, and the potential for fault reactivation and notable (felt) seismic events. Geomechanical observations at current GCS field deploy-

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Section: Potential Fault Reactivation and Notable Seismic Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Geomechanics of CO2 Storage in Deep Sedimentary Formations

2012

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“…Now inactive for over 0.16 Ma (Vezzoli et al, 1987), this volcanic structure still has an extremely high geothermal gradient, and it is believed that associated thermo-metamorphic reactions in carbonate rocks are the source of the large quantities of deep CO2 and other trace gases that are released to the atmosphere from various discrete gas vents throughout the valley (Duchi et al, 1992). A detailed treatment of the geology and structure of the Latera caldera, as well as a discussion of gas migration along faults in the area, is given by Annunziatellis et al (2008).…”

Section: Geology and Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of a naturally occurring CO2 gas vent on the shallow ecosystem and soil chemistry of a Mediterranean pasture (Latera, Italy)

Beaubien

Ciotoli

Coombs

et al. 2008

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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Recent research into C02 geological storage has shown that it has potential to be a safe and effective way to rapidly decrease short-term anthropogenic C02 emissions. Despite this progress, stakeholders must be convinced that the scientific community has studied all possible scenarios, including a potential leak into the biosphere. To better understand the potential impact of such an event, a detailed geochemical and biological study was conducted during two different seasons on a naturally occurring gas vent located within a Mediterranean pasture ecosystem (Latera geothermal field, central Italy). Results from botanical, soil gas, and gas flux surveys, and from chemical and biological analyses of shallow soil samples (0-20 cm depth), show that a significant impact is only observed in the 6 In wide centre of the vent, where C02 flux rates exceed 2000-3000 g M-2 d-1. In this "vent core" there is no vegetation, pH is low (minimum 3.5), and small changes are observed in mineralogy and bulk chemistry. in addition, microbial activities and populations are regulated in this interval by near-anoxic conditions, and by elevated soil gas C02 (>95%) and trace reduced gases (CH4, H2S, and 142). An approximately 20 In wide halo surrounding the core forms a transition zone, over which there is a gradual decrease in C02 concentrations, a rapid decrease in C02 fluxes, and the absence of reactive gas species. In this transition zone grasses dominate near the vent core, but these are progressively replaced by clover and a greater plant diversity moving away from the vent centre. Physical parameters (e.g. pH, bulk chemistry, mineralogy) and microbial systems also gradually return to background values across this transition zone. Results indicate that, even at this anomalous high-flux site, the effects ofthe gas vent are spatially limited and that the ecosystem appears to have adapted to the different conditions through species substitution or adaptation. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

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“…In Florina, we have seen that uid uses the fault and fracture system to migrate until it reaches the water table. This process is also observed in the Latera Caldera in Italy, where uid migration above the water table occurs via gasphase advective or di usive ow, or it dissolves into the groundwater and migrates laterally via groundwater ow [31].…”

Section: Discussion Comparison Of Leakage Pathways and Potential Ofmentioning

confidence: 74%

Geological modelling for investigating CO2 emissions in FlorinaBasin, Greece

et al. 2015

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This paper presents an investigation of naturally occurring CO emissions from the Florina natural analogue site in Greece. The main objective was to interpret previously collected depth sounding data, convert them into surfaces, and use them as input to develop, for the rst time, 3D geological models of the Florina basin. By also locating the extent of the aquifer, the location of the CO source, the location of other natural CO accumulations, and the points where CO reaches the surface, we were able to assess the potential for CO leakage. Geological models provided an estimate of the lithological composition of the Florina Basin and allowed us to determine possible directions of groundwater ow and pathways of CO ow throughout the basin. Important modelling parameters included the spatial positions of boundaries, faults, and major stratigraphic units (which were subdivided into layers of cells). We used various functions in Petrel software to rst construct a structural model describing the main rock boundaries. We then de ned a 3D mesh honouring the structural model, and nally we populated each cell in the mesh with geologic properties, such as rock type and relative permeability. According to the models, the thickest deposits are located around Mesochorion village where we estimate that around 1000 m of sediments were deposited above the basement. Initiation of CO ow at Florina Basin could have taken place between 6.5 Ma and 1.8 Ma ago. The NE-SW oriented faults, which acted as uid ow pathways, are still functioning today, allowing for localised leakage at the surface. CO leakage may be spatially variable and episodic in rate. The episodicity can be linked to the timing of Almopia volcanic activity in the area.

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Gas migration along fault systems and through the vadose zone in the Latera caldera (central Italy): Implications for CO2 geological storage

Cited by 191 publications

References 87 publications

The Geomechanics of CO2 Storage in Deep Sedimentary Formations

The Geomechanics of CO2 Storage in Deep Sedimentary Formations

The impact of a naturally occurring CO2 gas vent on the shallow ecosystem and soil chemistry of a Mediterranean pasture (Latera, Italy)

Geological modelling for investigating CO2 emissions in FlorinaBasin, Greece

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