Gas–Liquid Reduction Behavior of Hematite Ore Fines in a Flash Reduction Process

Xing, Liyong; Wang, Chunsong; Shao, Lei; Zou, Zongshu

doi:10.1007/s11663-020-01811-1

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Chen et al [8] determined the reduction kinetics of haematite at 1473–1623 K. The results showed that both the reaction temperature and CO partial pressure increased the haematite reduction rate. Xing et al [9] conducted experiments in the higher temperature range (1600–1800 K), and the results were similar. In addition, another study indicated that increasing the partial pressure of hydrogen also leads to faster reaction rates [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…According to the literature [9,23], the activation energy of gas–solid and gas–liquid reactions under haematite reduction at the CO atmosphere are 231 and 148 kJ/mol, respectively. The diffusion of liquid intermediate products is beneficial for the subsequent FeO→Fe process and creates favourable conditions for the aggregation of liquid Fe.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wall reduction and heat transfer characteristics of captured iron ore particles during flash ironmaking process

Cheng

Shen

Yang

et al. 2023

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

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The wall reaction and heat transfer characteristics of captured particles in the flash ironmaking reactor are essential to the reduction degree and liquid phase flow. In-situ studies of near-wall reduction were conducted using a high-temperature hot-stage microscope. Furthermore, a mathematical model was established for analyzing heat and mass transfer in iron ore particles. Results showed that above 1642 K, haematite particles partially melted, forming a bilayer structure with a molten ring and unmolten core as the liquid intermediate product spread rapidly. Higher gas flowrates prolonged melting product diffusion time. The liquid intermediate product volume predicted by the mathematical model matched well with the experimental data. Computational analysis revealed fluctuating particle temperatures during the reaction process, with the degree influenced by the reaction rate. Fluctuations increased with higher CO gas flowrate, particle size, and gas temperature, with gas temperature being the most influential factor.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wall reduction and heat transfer characteristics of captured iron ore particles during flash ironmaking process

Cheng

Shen

Yang

et al. 2023

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

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“…The existence of two immiscible liquids for an Fe–O system is also observed for iron combustion and iron oxide reduction experiments. Muller et al 20 investigated the laser ignition of pure iron rods and observed that L1 and L2 phases remain unmixed below 2350 K. Xing et al 75 investigated the reduction from hematite ore to metallic iron by using a high-temperature drop tube furnace. They showed that during the reduction of liquid iron oxide at 1800 K, the liquid iron and iron oxide remain separated, and the liquid iron gathers toward the center of the particle and gets enwrapped by the liquid iron oxide.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fe–O ReaxFF on Liquid Iron Oxide Properties Derived from Reactive Molecular Dynamics

Thijs,

Kritikos,

Giusti

et al. 2023

J. Phys. Chem. A

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As iron powder nowadays attracts research attention as a carbon-free, circular energy carrier, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can be used to better understand the mechanisms of liquid iron oxidation at elevated temperatures. However, prudence must be practiced in the selection of a reactive force field. This work investigates the influence of currently available reactive force fields (ReaxFFs) on a number of properties of the liquid iron–oxygen (Fe–O) system derived (or resulting) from MD simulations. Liquid Fe–O systems are considered over a range of oxidation degrees Z O , which represents the molar ratio of O/(O + Fe), with 0 < Z O < 0.6 and at a constant temperature of 2000 K, which is representative of the combustion temperature of micrometric iron particles burning in air. The investigated properties include the minimum energy path, system structure, (im)miscibility, transport properties, and the mass and thermal accommodation coefficients. The properties are compared to experimental values and thermodynamic calculation results if available. Results show that there are significant differences in the properties obtained with MD using the various ReaxFF parameter sets. Based on the available experimental data and equilibrium calculation results, an improved ReaxFF is required to better capture the properties of a liquid Fe–O system.

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“…These characteristics are reduction temperature, reaction control mechanism, particle size, reduction gas penetration rate, mineral phases, and morphological dependence [52,75]. Consequently, the behavioral changes in the mineralogical phases of iron ore sinter due to the effect of hydrogen gas concentration were investigated by Xing et al [76]. The study of mineral phases on iron ore sinter reduction in hydrogen atmosphere has proven to mitigate the effect of CO 2 emission in the ironmaking process.…”

Section: Reduction Of Iron Ore By Hydrogen and Carbon-monoxide Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Trends in the Technologies of the Direct Reduction and Smelting Process of Iron Ore/Iron Oxide in the Extraction of Iron and Steelmaking

Ogbezode¹,

Ajide²,

Oluwole³

et al. 2023

Iron Ores and Iron Oxides - New Perspectives

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The blast furnace and direct reduction processes have been the major iron production routes for the past few decades, but the challenges of maintaining the iron and steel-making processes are enormous. The challenges, such as cumbersome production routes, scarcity of metallurgical coke, high energy demands, and a high cost of production, cannot be overemphasized. This study provides a systematic overview of the different ironmaking routes, and the challenges involved. Subsequently, strategic ways towards improving the production efficiency and product quality of metallic iron produced in the recent iron processing routes were suggested. The study reiterated that the non-contact direct reduction and reduction-smelting routes are the faster ironmaking and steelmaking processes that can utilise alternative energy sources efficiently with little or no carbon deposition. Both processes also have promising features based on their requirements in terms of fewer energy demands, time-saving, cost-effectiveness, and operational efficiency. Thus, in today's iron and steelmaking processes, non-contact direct reduction and reduction-smelting processes remain viable alternative iron production routes.

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Gas–Liquid Reduction Behavior of Hematite Ore Fines in a Flash Reduction Process

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Wall reduction and heat transfer characteristics of captured iron ore particles during flash ironmaking process

Wall reduction and heat transfer characteristics of captured iron ore particles during flash ironmaking process

Effect of Fe–O ReaxFF on Liquid Iron Oxide Properties Derived from Reactive Molecular Dynamics

Recent Trends in the Technologies of the Direct Reduction and Smelting Process of Iron Ore/Iron Oxide in the Extraction of Iron and Steelmaking

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