Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry profile of four Calendula L. taxa: A comparative analysis

Calendula suffruticosa subsp. algarbiensis (Boiss.) Nyman is very common on the Portuguese coast, but it has only recently begun to be studied chemically and belongs to a genus of difficult taxonomic classification. To improve the knowledge on the chemical variability of this taxon and evaluate the possible use of this tool for taxonomical purposes, the aim of this work was to determine the extent of chemical variation between individuals collected in the same geographic region, and to compare with samples mixing fragments of several individuals each (populations) from different local environments. Overall, hexane extract analysis by GC/MS allowed to identify 42 compounds, eight fatty acids, 24 terpenoids, three alcohols, five alkanes, and two pollutants. Greater chemical differences were found between individuals, grown in the same region, than were found between population samples from different regions. Additionally, 25 phytochemicals were identified for this taxon for the first time and may be used for taxonomic classification, even to distinguish between subspecies of C. suffruticosa. Furthermore, plants collected near urban areas accumulated pollutants, indicating the importance of controlling local environmental conditions when C. suffruticosa cultivation is for human consumption.

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Inter‐Individual versus Inter‐Population Variability of Calendula suffruticosa subsp. algarbiensis Hexane Extracts

Ohse

Marques

Silveira

et al. 2021

“…In order to increase the volatility of the samples and thus the sensibility of the GC/MS analysis, the silylation process was employed before GC/MS injection, following a well establish and optimized method. [100] For this, 250 μL of pyridine, 250 μL of BSTFA and 50 μL of TMSCl were added to a screw glass tube with 20 mg of the extract dissolved in 1 mL of dichloromethane and internal standard (the decane was selected due to its optimal retention time and as well because it is inert). The mixture was placed in a water bath at 70°C for 30 min.…”

Section: Extract Preparation and Derivatizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipophilic Metabolites of Spartina maritima and Puccinellia maritima Involved in Their Tolerance to Salty Environments

Faustino

Silva

et al. 2020

Self Cite

Spartina maritima and Puccinellia maritima are two fascinating but underexplored halophytic species, and herein, the chemical profile of their hexane extracts is described. Terpenoids and sterols were the most abundant chemical groups in both species. The second dominant class was alcohols and the third esters of fatty acids. The chemical lipophilic profile of both S. maritima and P. maritima is herein reported for the first time. Through the accomplished data, it is possible to conclude that these species are rich in essential compounds that can be relevant to endorse their use as nutraceuticals. Furthermore, through a principal component analysis, a clear differentiation between the taxa was achieved, which indicates that their response to salinity stress is different. That fact was confirmed by the pathway enrichment analysis, which showed that the induced changes in metabolic pathways vary in each species.

Chemical Variability of Hexane Extracts from Five Subspecies of Calendula suffruticosa from Spain

Ohse

Marques

Silveira

et al. 2022

The chemical profile of the hexane extracts of the subspecies carbonellii, greuteri, marginata, trialata, and vejerensis of Calendula suffruticosa growing in Spain, herein described for the first time, were studied to access their value as a chemo taxonomical tool and search for potentially useful compounds. The subsp. greuteri and carbonellii showed higher extract yields. Terpenoids were the most abundant chemical class in subsp. carbonellii, greuteri, trialata, and vejerensis, while alkanes were the most abundant in subsp. marginata. Differences in chemical constituents were identified among the subspecies of C. suffruticosa analysed, which the PCA can prove. The subsp. trialata and greuteri showed more significant phytochemical similarity, which might indicate genetic proximity between these two subspecies. C. suffruticosa subsp. marginata presented the fewest number of compounds and in the smallest quantities, and C. suffruticosa subsp. vejerensis presented the largest number, however, both showed no alcohols. Furthermore, some of the compounds found in significant amounts are known for their pharmacological and nutraceutical properties, denoting potential use.