Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of crude oil bioremediation by the novel Klebsiella variicola SKV₂ immobilized in polyurethane polymer scaffold and two-layer microcapsulation

Comparison of the petroleum removal efficiencies and plasmid profiles of clinical and environmental Klebsiella pneumoniae strains

“…Thus, C 31 and C 33 were also degraded as 72% and 60%, respectively. In a similar study, it was confirmed with GC-MS analysis that K. variicola strain SKV2 free cell is very effective in the removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons in Iranian crude oil (Kazemzadeh et al 2020). Varjani and Upasani (2016) indicated that P. aeruginosa NCIM 5514 was degraded of 100% and 21.91%-60.72% in the range of C 8 -C 12 and C 24 -C 31 of n-alkanes, respectively.…”

“…Similar studies in literature reported that K. pneumoniae strains is quite effective in the degradation processes of petroleum and different hydrocarbons (Cha et al 2000;Faiq Ali et al 2018;Rajkumari et al 2018;Survery et al 2004). Kazemzadeh et al (2020) reported that the crude oil degradation efficiency of free cells of Klebsiella variicola SKV2 strain was 93.3% in three weeks. It was shown in different studies that P. aeruginosa, and petroleum-degrading bacteria showed around 70% of degradation efficiency during the 7 days of incubation (Abtahi et al 2020;Phan et al 2013).…”

“…It is known that especially the Klebsiella sp. strain has genes and enzymes that are effective in the degradation processes of petroleum hydrocarbons (Kazemzadeh et al 2020). In this context, the extracellular enzymes of Kp1 and Kp1 strains were also investigated in terms of petroleum degradation efficiencies.…”

“…It has been shown that the bacteria with alkane hydroxylase enzyme, which plays a key role in the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons, are Fig. 2 The petroleum degradation of culture supernatants of Kp1 and Kp2 strains highly effective in the degradation of long-chain or shortchain hydrocarbons (Kazemzadeh et al 2020). Habib et al reported that the bacterial strain ADL15 was more effective in the removal of shorter n-alkanes than middlechain n-alkanes, while the other bacterial strain ADL36 was quite effective in the removal of most of the n-alkanes.…”

Production of surface‐active sophorolipid biosurfactant and crude oil degradability by novel Rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain SKF2

“…Only pure consumers of crude oil that could grow merely in the first medium were considered to be used as oil‐degrading microorganisms. After a series of five further subcultures, flasks were streaked out on oil agar (OB with1.8 g L −1 agar) (Merck) to purify different phenotypic colonies that were transferred to a fresh oil agar and sabouraud dextrose agar (Merck) enriched with Iranian light crude oil (1% v/v) (Elumalai et al, 2021; Hassanshahian, Emtiazi, & Cappello, 2012; Kazemzadeh et al, 2019; Kazemzadeh, Naghavi, Emami‐Karvani, Emtiazi, & Fouladgar, 2020; Kazemzadeh, Naghavi, Emami‐Karvani, Fouladgar, & Emtiazi, 2020; Kunlere et al, 2019).…”