“…However, as chemicals became more diverse and complicated due to rapid industrialization, various separation techniques, including chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and lab-on-a-chip, expanded the applicability of separation to several fields, such as the health-care, medical, environmental science, materials science, and food science fields. Among these separation methods, chromatography has been extensively developed over the past 50 years, − which has consequently led to the development of gas, liquid, and supercritical-fluid chromatographic techniques. Although chromatography has been frequently used because of its excellent separation capability for multiple components present in trace amounts, the long measuring time and easy changes in the experimental parameters cause deterioration of analytes.…”