Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Histamine in Mahi-mahi ( Coryphaena hippurus )

Abstract

Several authors have studied histamine using gas chromatography (GC) as a tool for quantitation, but the methods used were not always suitable depending on the kind of food. Problems frequently cited include incomplete histamine elution from the columns and peak tailing. Histamine is of interest because it is the factor common to all cases of scombroid poisoning, it has physiological and biological activity, and it is a chemical indicator of fish quality. In this study a modified GC method was used to quantify histamine in mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus). Mean recovery was 67% for the GC method, compared with 90% for the AOAC fluorometric method. There was a 0.96 correlation of the GC histamine values with those of the AOAC fluorometric method. A temperature program, splitless/split injection, and analyte cleanup were essential for GC properties. Histamine retention time was 8.2 min. The method allowed peak height to be used for quantitation and simultaneous analysis of cadaverine and putrescine.

Chemical Analysis and Sensory Evaluation of Mahi-Mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) during Chilled Storage

“…The calibration curves were linear (r 2 ϭ 0.99) in the selected range of 5 to 100 g/100 g for cadaverine and 5 to 60 g/100 g for putrescine. The GC method was also able to quantify histamine simultaneously with cadaverine and putrescine (3).…”

“…Cadaverine and putrescine were analyzed using the method described by Antoine et al (3). Histamine was analyzed using the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) fluorometric method 977.13 (6).…”

Chemical Analysis and Sensory Evaluation of Mahi-Mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) during Chilled Storage

“…The calibration curves were linear (r 2 ϭ 0.99) in the selected range of 5 to 100 g/100 g for cadaverine and 5 to 60 g/100 g for putrescine. The GC method was also able to quantify histamine simultaneously with cadaverine and putrescine (3).…”

“…Cadaverine and putrescine were analyzed using the method described by Antoine et al (3). Histamine was analyzed using the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) fluorometric method 977.13 (6).…”

Imaging histamine in live basophils and macrophages with a fluorescent mesoionic acid fluoride

“…7 A major challenge in elucidating the function and dynamics of histamine in all these processes is represented by the lack of tools for tracking histamine in live cells. Conventional methods to determine histamine levels [8][9][10][11][12] (e.g. chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, fluorimetry, immunoassays) rely on multistep protocols that employ cell extracts, which are limited in spatial and temporal resolution.…”

Scombroid Fish, Scombrotoxin, and Histamine

“…Analytical methods for the detection of histamine include gas chromatography with fl ame ionization (requires sample cleanup to avoid matrix interference), 33 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 34 ion exchange chromatography with integrated pulsed amperometric detection, 35 fl uorometric methods, 36 and capillary electrophoresis. 37 More rapid testing methods for the detection of histamine involve enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits with sensitivities near 1 -5 ppm.…”

Chemical Analysis and Sensory Evaluation of Mahi-Mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) during Chilled Storage

“…The calibration curves were linear (r 2 ϭ 0.99) in the selected range of 5 to 100 g/100 g for cadaverine and 5 to 60 g/100 g for putrescine. The GC method was also able to quantify histamine simultaneously with cadaverine and putrescine (3).…”

“…Cadaverine and putrescine were analyzed using the method described by Antoine et al (3). Histamine was analyzed using the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) fluorometric method 977.13 (6).…”

Imaging histamine in live basophils and macrophages with a fluorescent mesoionic acid fluoride

“…7 A major challenge in elucidating the function and dynamics of histamine in all these processes is represented by the lack of tools for tracking histamine in live cells. Conventional methods to determine histamine levels [8][9][10][11][12] (e.g. chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, fluorimetry, immunoassays) rely on multistep protocols that employ cell extracts, which are limited in spatial and temporal resolution.…”

Scombroid Fish, Scombrotoxin, and Histamine

“…Analytical methods for the detection of histamine include gas chromatography with fl ame ionization (requires sample cleanup to avoid matrix interference), 33 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 34 ion exchange chromatography with integrated pulsed amperometric detection, 35 fl uorometric methods, 36 and capillary electrophoresis. 37 More rapid testing methods for the detection of histamine involve enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits with sensitivities near 1 -5 ppm.…”

Chemical Analysis and Sensory Evaluation of Mahi-Mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) during Chilled Storage

“…The calibration curves were linear (r 2 ϭ 0.99) in the selected range of 5 to 100 g/100 g for cadaverine and 5 to 60 g/100 g for putrescine. The GC method was also able to quantify histamine simultaneously with cadaverine and putrescine (3).…”

“…Cadaverine and putrescine were analyzed using the method described by Antoine et al (3). Histamine was analyzed using the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) fluorometric method 977.13 (6).…”

Imaging histamine in live basophils and macrophages with a fluorescent mesoionic acid fluoride

“…7 A major challenge in elucidating the function and dynamics of histamine in all these processes is represented by the lack of tools for tracking histamine in live cells. Conventional methods to determine histamine levels [8][9][10][11][12] (e.g. chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, fluorimetry, immunoassays) rely on multistep protocols that employ cell extracts, which are limited in spatial and temporal resolution.…”

Scombroid Fish, Scombrotoxin, and Histamine

“…Analytical methods for the detection of histamine include gas chromatography with fl ame ionization (requires sample cleanup to avoid matrix interference), 33 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 34 ion exchange chromatography with integrated pulsed amperometric detection, 35 fl uorometric methods, 36 and capillary electrophoresis. 37 More rapid testing methods for the detection of histamine involve enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits with sensitivities near 1 -5 ppm.…”