Gas-assisted preparation of lead iodide perovskite films consisting of a monolayer of single crystalline grains for high efficiency planar solar cells

Directing nucleation and growth kinetics in solution-processed hybrid perovskite thin-films

“…Spiro-OMeTAD (2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-pmeth-oxyphenylamine)-9,9-spirobifluorene) was purchased from Luminescence Technology Corp. CH3NH3I was prepared using a previously reported method [16]. The 18 nm TiO2 nanoparticle paste (CCIC) used in the solar cell devices was diluted in ethanol (1:8 vol.)…”

“…Many of the rapid advancements in the area of perovskite-based photovoltaics are essentially due to the ability to control the material morphology and on the application of processing techniques that are capable of producing desirable thin-film perovskite structures with optimized properties. Successful deposition techniques have included two-step [12,13], solvent engineering [14,15], gas-assisted [16], solvent-solvent extraction [17], hot-casting method [18], and vacuum flash-assisted methods [19], to name a few. Many of these fabrication methods result in similar microstructures, although there are subtle differences in the nucleation and growth mechanisms in each case.…”

New insight into solvent engineering technology from evolution of intermediates via one-step spin-coating approach

“…Previous studies have uncovered that full surface coverage and low surface roughness are crucial for governing the device photovoltaic performance [5,6]. Therefore, to prepare high quality perovskite thin films, various methods have been developed, e.g., vacuum evaporation [6], vapor-assisted deposition [13][14][15], solvent engineering [16,17] and solution-based techniques [18][19][20]. Among these methods, solvent engineering technology has proven to be an efficient way for producing dense perovskite layers in a one-step deposition.…”

Effects of Gas Blowing Condition on Formation of Perovskite Layer on Organic Scaffolds

“…the difference in diffraction peaks at 32°, a similar tendency for crystallization to increase due to gas blowing can be recognized from their row data in the XRD profiles. 15 We can conclude that the phenomenon occurs regardless of the kind of scaffold. XRD profiles of single crystals were reported by Shi et al, 25 and showed a stronger 32°((310)) diffraction peak than the intensity in solar cells fabricated by using a one-step method.…”