Gamma-ray spectrometric dating of late Homo erectus skulls from Ngandong and Sambungmacan, Central Java, Indonesia

Yokoyama, Yuji; Falguères, Christophe; Sémah, François; Jacob, Teuku; Grün, Rainer

doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.01.006

Cited by 71 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It is unclear whether or how the Sm 1 and Sm 2 fossils are related, but this could lend support to an older age for the Sambungmacan hominins. However, both Swisher et al (1996) and Yokoyama et al (2008) support very late Pleistocene ages for Sambungmacan as discussed above (but see Indriati et al (2011)). Thus, the range of dates for Sambungmacan encompasses the Early to Late Pleistocene and may predate, post-date, or be synchronous with Ngandong.…”

Section: Geochronologysupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Yokoyama et al (2008) found similar dates for two Ngandong (Ng 1 and Ng 7) and one Sambungmacan (Sm 1) fossil, suggesting that this assumption may be correct for at least some of the specimens. Yet, the very young date reported by Yokoyama et al (2008) may reflect more recent hydrological activity unrelated to the actual deposition of these fossils (Indriati et al, 2011). Deposits spanning the Pleistocene are found in the area of the Sm 1 findspot (Kaifu et al, 2008).…”

Section: Geochronologymentioning

confidence: 76%

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Global and local perspectives on cranial shape variation in Indonesian <i>Homo erectus</i>

Baab

Zaim

2017

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Section: Geochronologysupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Geochronologymentioning

confidence: 76%

Global and local perspectives on cranial shape variation in Indonesian <i>Homo erectus</i>

Baab

Zaim

2017

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“…No details were published on Ingraving 2. dong several hundred thousand years younger than any classic Homo erectus" (Antón 2001: 40, see also, Antón 2002, and Antón et al 2007. Direct radioisotopic (gamma-ray spectrometric) dating of two Ngandong cranial fossilsNgandong I and VI (Ng 1 and 7)-leads to age estimates between ~40ka and ~60-70ka, supporting the proposition that late Homo erectus of Java was contemporaneous with Homo sapiens in Australasia, Southeast Asia, and portions of the Old World farther west (Yokoyama et al 2008).…”

Section: Figure 1 Eastern Java Physiographic Map (After Pannekoek 19mentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The Ngandong Homo erectus fossils are even more significant if one accepts the Late Pleistocene age proposed for them on the basis of radioisotopic dating (Bartstra 1987;Bartstra et al 1988;Rizal 1998a, b;Swisher et al 1996Swisher et al , 1997Swisher et al , 2000van der Plicht et al 1989;Yokoyama et al 2008). In the best known study, antelope and bovid teeth from the Ngandong bone bed were dated at ~27-46ka with electronspin-resonance and uranium-series methodologies; the dates are "surprisingly young and, if proven correct, imply that H. erectus persisted much longer in Southeast Asia than elsewhere" (Swisher et al 1996(Swisher et al : 1873(Swisher et al , 1997(Swisher et al , 2000; but see Grün and Thorne 1997).…”

Section: He Evaluated the Discovery Circumstances Of Ngandong I-iii (mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grün and Thorne and Dennell are not alone in their skepticism. Others indirectly divorce the Homo erectus specimens from their depositional setting by characterizing the context as "alluvial" (Indriati 2006;Yokoyama et al 2008), terminolviewed a maximum age for the entire Ngandong fossil deposit.…”

Section: The Bedrock Along the River Upstream Of Ngandong Is Largelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Provenience Reassessment of the 1931–1933 Ngandong Homo erectus (Java),Confirmation of the Bone-Bed Origin Reported by the Discoverers

Hoffman¹

2010

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The Geological Survey of the Netherlands Indies unearthed 14 Homo erectus fossils in 1931-1933 from a single excavation site on Java (Excavation I Ngandong). Survey geologists attributed the hominin discoveries (along with thousands of other vertebrate remains) to a thin, gravelly volcaniclastic stratum situated near the base of a fluvialterrace remnant ~20m above the Solo River. The geologists were present 24 days during the 27-month-long operation, witnessing and documenting only a few human fossils in situ. Moreover, they published limited amounts of detail about the discoveries. Their provenience account is nonetheless substantially corroborated by surviving records. Key materials are presented here for the first time, including the geologists' photographs of two human fossils in situ and a 1:250 site map from 1934 showing individual Homo erectus discovery points.Calvarial specimens Ngandong I, II, V, VI, and VIII are the five best-documented finds. Each is securely attributable to the basal volcaniclastic fossil bed. In March 1932, geologist W.F.F. Oppenoorth photographed Ngandong V while it was still embedded in the fine volcaniclastic gravel <0.5m from the basal terrace contact. He previously had examined the contexts of Ngandong I and II when only <150m 2 of the excavation were open and all vertebrate fossils reportedly were being found in the gravely sandstone comprising the bottom ~0.7m of the sequence. In June 1932, geologists C. ter Haar and G.H.R. von Koenigswald photographed the Ngandong VI in a ~2m x 2m horizontal exposure of the basal volcaniclastic sandstone/fine conglomerate in which marl cobbles and 17 disarticulated non-hominin fossils also occurred. In August 1933, von Koenigswald removed part of Ngandong VIII from the basal bed near where six antler fragments and a Stegodon tusk were found. For the remaining nine discoveries, nothing is revealed in the available material to contradict the basal-bone-bed origin attributed to them by the discoverers. With some of the finds, such as Tibia B, there is virtually no substantiating documentation, while with others, such as Tibia A, it is unclear how the geologists knew about the stratigraphic context.The provenience detail that we present greatly improves the prospects for identifying the Homo erectus stratum at the site and collecting rock and fossil samples useful for radioisotopically dating the hominin, among other purposes. The documentation also substantially strengthens the inference that the hominin assemblage represents individuals who died at approximately the same time and whose remains were deposited at Ngandong within a few months of death. Support for this is provided by the limited amount of pre-burial weathering in evidence on the Homo erectus fossils, the highly delicate bony structures present in some calvarial specimens, and a combination of plastic deformation and sandstone-filled fractures occurring in several vaults-features which evidently represent warpage followed by breakage as the bone dried during burial. INTROD...

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Origins, Evolution, and Dispersal of Early Members of the Genus Homo

Rightmire

2010

A Companion to Biological Anthropology

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Gamma-ray spectrometric dating of late Homo erectus skulls from Ngandong and Sambungmacan, Central Java, Indonesia

Cited by 71 publications

References 17 publications

Global and local perspectives on cranial shape variation in Indonesian <i>Homo erectus</i>

Global and local perspectives on cranial shape variation in Indonesian <i>Homo erectus</i>

Provenience Reassessment of the 1931–1933 Ngandong Homo erectus (Java),Confirmation of the Bone-Bed Origin Reported by the Discoverers

Origins, Evolution, and Dispersal of Early Members of the Genus Homo

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