Gamma radiation induced graft copolymerization of vinylimidazole-acrylic acid onto polypropylene films

Naguib, Hala F.; Aly, Raouf O.; Sabaa, Magdy W.; Mokhtar, S. M.

doi:10.1016/s0142-9418(03)00018-7

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The ability of graft co-polymerization to quickly change the surface properties in a tunable fashion allows for the development of a product that can be adapted on-demand to a particular application. Modification of PP films through grafting at relatively low amounts were previously demonstrated to be an effective approach to functionalize PP providing a defined, stable, organic foundation for subsequent surface modification of various types [22]. Costamagna et al were able to modify exclusively the surface of bi-oriented PP films by grafting reaction of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The improvement in barrier properties was attributed to the formation of such a rigid PAA layer onto the PP surface [24]. Despite it has been claimed that surface grafting theoretically occurs without detriment of the bulk mechanical properties of the polymer [25], undesirable changes in the mechanical performance of different polymeric films modified by photo-grafting techniques have been reported (see for example in [22,[26][27][28]). To a large extent, the tendency and level of concomitant changes in the material properties depend on whether crosslinking or degradation dominates during the irradiation of the polymer [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poly(acrylic acid) surface grafted polypropylene films: Near surface and bulk mechanical response

Fasce¹,

Costamagna²,

Pettarín³

et al. 2008

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Radical photo-grafting polymerization constitutes a promising technique for introducing functional groups onto surfaces of polypropylene films. According to their final use, surface grafting should be done without affecting overall mechanical properties. In this work the tensile drawing, fracture and biaxial impact response of biaxially oriented polypropylene commercial films grafted with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) were investigated in terms of film orientation and surface modification. The variations of surface roughness, elastic modulus, hardness and resistance to permanent deformation induced by the chemical treatment were assessed by depth sensing indentation. As a consequence of chemical modification the optical, transport and wettability properties of the films were successfully varied. The introduced chains generated a PAA-grafted layer, which is stiffer and harder than the neat polypropylene surface. Regardless of the surface changes, it was proven that this kind of grafting procedure does not detriment bulk mechanical properties of the PP film.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(acrylic acid) surface grafted polypropylene films: Near surface and bulk mechanical response

Fasce¹,

Costamagna²,

Pettarín³

et al. 2008

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…The high-energy radiation-induced graft-copolymer technique has been widely used to functionalize PP [9][10][11][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] and other synthetic [22,23] polymers. Graft copolymer reaction initiated by g radiation is normally carried out by one of the following methods: pre-irradiation of the polymer followed by reaction with the monomer or direct irradiation of the polymer immersed in a solution of monomer and other additives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach can be applied in industry as a continuous process of grafting. Most of the early studies [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] were focused on homogeneous solution systems using organic solvents. In any grafting techniques, the organic solvents dissolve the monomer as well as acting as good swelling agents for the polymers, and thus the monomer can approach the active sites in the polymers more easily and promote the copolymer reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of Poly(propylene) Fabric with 4‐Vinylpyridine, N,N‐Dimethylacrylamide and Styrene by γ‐Radiation‐Induced Grafting in an Aqueous Environment

Khan

Kronfli

Bradley

2006

Macro Materials & Eng

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Summary: VP and co‐monomers DMAAm and ST were successfully grafted onto a PP fabric in an emulsion copolymerization process initiated by γ‐radiation. The radiation dose, concentration of VP, the ratio of VP/DMAAm and VP/ST in the reaction solution, and the reaction temperature dependent graft copolymerization were investigated. The order of dependence of the initial rate of grafting on the radiation dose was found to be in the range of 1.2 to 0.93 for VP; 0.84 to 0.70 for VP/DMAAm and for VP/ST was in the range of 0.59 to 0.41. The activation energy of the graft copolymer reaction was determined to be 40.18 J · mol−1 for 0.464 mol · L−1 VP. In the case of co‐monomer mixtures (VP/DMAAm: 0.464/0.5) the energy of activation was noticeably higher at 49.71 J · mol−1 while for VP/ST (0.464/0.436) the activation energy was same as that of VP. XRD results showed that overall crystallinity significantly decreased with the increase of graft weight with a noticeable change in the chemical structure of the PP, indicating that the graft copolymer reaction was taking place both in the amorphous and crystalline regions of PP. A similar characteristic behavior was also obtained by DSC, which revealed the presence of an endotherm process in the range of 25 to 130 °C depending on the degree of grafting, attributed to the grafted chains of the monomer/co‐monomers. In order to determine the graft copolymer reaction of VP, DMAAm and ST onto the backbone of PP, the reaction products were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. A good correlation was found between changes of crystallinity and level of graft copolymerization as determined by WAXRD and DSC.Typical XRD traces of as‐received PP fabric (PPF) and grafted with VP (PPF‐g‐VP).magnified imageTypical XRD traces of as‐received PP fabric (PPF) and grafted with VP (PPF‐g‐VP).

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“…A copolimerização de vinilimidazol e ácido acrílico enxertados em filmes de polipropileno foi estudada por Naguib et al 53 . …”

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Obtenção de membrana trocadora de prótons para uso em célula a combustível, a base de polipropileno (PP)

Zen¹

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The radiation-induced graft of styrene onto polypropylene (PP) films was carried out by simultaneous irradiation method in a cobalt-60 source. The PP films were immersed in a solution of styrene with toluene (1:1 and 4:1, v/v) under inert atmosphere and at room temperature and then submitted at 20, 40, 80 and 100 kGy. After graft reaction the films were kept at room temperature under inert atmosphere for periods of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days in order to evaluate the degree of grafting. At the end of each period the films were sulfonated to provide the hydrophilic property to PP. The degree of grafting (DOG) was gravimetrically determined and the chemical changes in the grafted and sulfonated films were characterized by Infrared Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry and the Ion Exchange Capacity (IEC) was calculated. The greatest DOG was obtained after 21 days of post-irradiation. By TGA the grafted films exhibited a decrease in the thermal stability, while the sulfonated exhibited an increase. By DSC was possible to verify that matrix polymeric didn't suffer any drastic change in the melting temperature after grafting and sulfonation reactions. The IEC calculated shows that the new membrane developed has ionic conductivity property.

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Gamma radiation induced graft copolymerization of vinylimidazole-acrylic acid onto polypropylene films

Cited by 40 publications

References 18 publications

Poly(acrylic acid) surface grafted polypropylene films: Near surface and bulk mechanical response

Poly(acrylic acid) surface grafted polypropylene films: Near surface and bulk mechanical response

Functionalization of Poly(propylene) Fabric with 4‐Vinylpyridine, N,N‐Dimethylacrylamide and Styrene by γ‐Radiation‐Induced Grafting in an Aqueous Environment

Obtenção de membrana trocadora de prótons para uso em célula a combustível, a base de polipropileno (PP)

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