Galls on Brazilian ferns: new records and notes

Farias, Rafael de Paiva; Silva, Vinícius Leão da; Gonzatti, Felipe; Lima, Lucas Vieira; Schmitt, Jairo Lizandro; Santos, Marcelo Guerra

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.214565

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…in the northeastern region of Brazil. Additionally, Farias et al (2019) reported four new records of galls, including representatives from Gleicheniaceae and Hymenophyllaceae, expanding to 20 the number of fern species with gall occurrence in Brazil. Santos, Hanson, Maia, Mehltreter (2019) listed 93 worldwide species of lycophytes (Selaginellaceae) and ferns presenting association with galling insects, reinforcing the observations of Mehltreter (2010), that ferns might have been underestimated as host plants of galling insects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Santos, Hanson, Maia, Mehltreter (2019) listed 93 worldwide species of lycophytes (Selaginellaceae) and ferns presenting association with galling insects, reinforcing the observations of Mehltreter (2010), that ferns might have been underestimated as host plants of galling insects. In consequence, basic information such as the identity of gall host ferns, the frequency and locations of the interaction are still poorly known (Farias et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of galls in Microgramma mortoniana (Polypodiopsida: Polypodiaceae) from a subtropical forest, Brazil

Lehn¹,

Arana²,

Müller³

et al. 2020

LIL

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The galls are structures formed of plant tissues in response to the activity of different types of organisms, especially by insects. As a consequence of an intimate relationship with their host plants, most of these insects have a very narrow host range. In this study we report the occurrence of galls on Microgramma mortoniana. Morphological characteristics and field observations are presented. The study was carried out in a seasonal semi-deciduous forest fragment, located in the São João do Oeste municipality, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. The galls present a fusiform shape and similar indument to the rhizome, in a higher density. In the region of occurrence of the galls, a widening of the rhizome was observed, reaching an average of 9 mm (±1mm), whereas in a rhizome with normal growth the width is 4 (±1 mm). The gall is unicameral, with the following dimensions: 7 mm (±1 mm) x 2 (±1 mm). The larvae observed into the chamber are about 0,7 mm long, being representative of the family Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). In all cases, the rhizomes with galls do not presented continuous development and, consequently, the rhizome has its limit of growth defined by the occurrence of the gall. The results indicate that a greater sampling effort of fern galls in the Neotropics is needed, contributing to the knowledge about the distribution of the galls on ferns lineages.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of galls in Microgramma mortoniana (Polypodiopsida: Polypodiaceae) from a subtropical forest, Brazil

Lehn¹,

Arana²,

Müller³

et al. 2020

LIL

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Phenolic substances and cyanogenesis in galled and non-galled tissue of the fern species Microgramma vacciniifolia

et al. 2022

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Galls, neo-formed plant structures that can occur in different organs, are generated by species-specific interaction with an inducing organism. Inducers manipulate the metabolism of its host. Microgramma vacciniifolia (Langsd. & Fisch.) Copel. is a Neotropical epiphytic fern that hosted two stem galls, one induced by a midge species (Diptera) and other by a micromoth species (Lepidoptera). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of these two gall-inducing insects on the biochemistry of phenolic acids and the cyanogenesis in galls, stems and leaves of M. vacciniifolia. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) indicated a total of 14 phenol derivatives, including caffeic and coumaric acid. Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) of the phenolic substances indicated three groups consisting (1) non-galled stems and micromoth-induced galls; (2) midge-induced galls; (3) midge-induced galls with parasitoids. Regarding the frequency of cyanogenesis assessed by the picrate paper test, the chi-squared test showed significant difference between fertile leaves (8.3%), sterile leaves (27.7%), non-galled stems (0%) and galls. Among galls, only the midge-induced galls analyzed were cyanogenic (15%). Our results indicated that the different gall-inducers (midge and micromoth) promote species-specific alterations to the phenolic substance composition of the host fern.

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As soft as silk: structural and chemical traits can help with the identification of Niphidium crassifolium (Polypodiaceae) gall inducers

Bragança,

Costa,

Arriola

et al. 2023

Rodriguésia

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Ferns have been poorly reported as hosts of gall inducers, and their multitrophic interactions and relationships are practically unknown to science. We focused on Niphidium crassifolium (Polypodiaceae) that hosts globoid leaf galls. The galls on N. crassifolium have only reported for the South and Southeast regions of Brazil, with a discussion regarding the identity of the gall inducer: is it a Cecidomyiidae-Diptera or to Coccidae-Hemiptera? These two insect groups have distinct characteristics and consequently their galls must have distinct anatomical and histochemical traits. Such traits may work out as functional tools to be used to confirm the taxa of the associated galling herbivore and to evaluate their geographic distribution. Our study aimed to expand the known distribution of N. crassifolium and its interactions based on an inventory of scientific articles and on herbarium data, and also to test the usefulness of anatomical and histochemical traits for proposing the identity of the gall inducer. The geographic distribution of N. crassifolium galls involves five South American countries, i.e., Bolivia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, and Brazil. The development of an outer tissue compartment with phenolic-rich cell layers and an inner nutritive tissue leads us to infer that the inducer belongs to the Cecidomyiidae family.

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Galls on Brazilian ferns: new records and notes

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Occurrence of galls in Microgramma mortoniana (Polypodiopsida: Polypodiaceae) from a subtropical forest, Brazil

Occurrence of galls in Microgramma mortoniana (Polypodiopsida: Polypodiaceae) from a subtropical forest, Brazil

Phenolic substances and cyanogenesis in galled and non-galled tissue of the fern species Microgramma vacciniifolia

As soft as silk: structural and chemical traits can help with the identification of Niphidium crassifolium (Polypodiaceae) gall inducers

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