Galectin-9 reflects the interferon signature and correlates with disease activity in systemic autoimmune diseases. Response to: ‘Biomarkers: to be or not to be’ by Yavuz and Rönnblom

Hoogen, Lucas L van den; Heijden, Eefje Hanna Martine van der; Hillen, Maarten R; Mertens, Jorre S.; Fritsch-Stork, Ruth; Roon, Joël A G van

doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214651

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Although serum levels of Gal-9 were demonstrated to be a promising marker to assess the IFN signature, our data suggest that Gal-9 could be a biomarker for SLE disease activity or particular SLE-related organ involvement. Elevated levels of Gal-9 were demonstrated in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome, and to be correlated with disease activity assessed by EULAR Sjögren's syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) [37]. Additionally, Gal-9 was validated as reliable biomarker for disease activity in juvenile dermatomyositis (DM) [38].…”

Section: Neuropsychiatric Manifestations and Csf Levels Of Gal-9mentioning

confidence: 98%

Galectin-9 as a biomarker for disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus

et al. 2020

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BackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by elevated interferon (IFN) signature genes. Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin that is reportedly useful as a biomarker for IFN gene signatures. In a cross-sectional study of Japanese patients with recent-onset SLE, we aimed to determine whether raised serum Gal-9 levels were associated with the disease activity or organ damage seen in SLE patients. OPEN ACCESS Citation: Matsuoka N, Fujita Y, Temmoku J, Furuya MY, Asano T, Sato S, et al. (2020) Galectin-9 as a biomarker for disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. PLoS ONE 15(1): e0227069. Methods Patients and clinical evaluationsA total of 58 Japanese patients with recent-onset SLE were included in the study. SLE patients were enrolled within 32 months (mean 18 month, range 0-32) of SLE diagnosis, which was Galectin-9 and lupus disease activity PLOS ONE | https://doi.

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Section: Neuropsychiatric Manifestations and Csf Levels Of Gal-9mentioning

confidence: 98%

Galectin-9 as a biomarker for disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus

et al. 2020

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“…Galectin-9 (Gal-9), a glycan-binding immunomodulatory protein, is elevated in plasma of PWH on ART [9] and associates with pathogenesis, increased risk of mortality, and the extent of multimorbidity [10][11][12]. Gal-9 has been linked to several age-related complications in the general population, including cardiovascular, kidney, and liver dysfunction [13][14][15][16], and proposed as a promising biomarker for various cancers and autoimmune diseases [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Given the pleiotropic nature of Gal-9 in immunosuppression and inflammation [25][26][27][28][29][30][31], and in line with studies on HIV pathogenesis and morbidity, the significance of Gal-9 in the occurrence of NAEs warrants consideration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma galectin-9 as a predictor of adverse non-AIDS events in persons with chronic HIV during suppressive antiretroviral therapy

Premeaux

Moser

McKhann

et al. 2021

Aids

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Background: People with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) still experience an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, presumably driven by chronic inflammation, yet predictors of discrete or combinatorial outcomes remain unclear. Galectin-9 (Gal-9), a driver of both inflammatory and immunosuppressive responses, has been associated with HIV disease progression and multimorbidity. Objective: To determine whether plasma Gal-9 levels are associated with the occurrence of specific non-AIDS events (NAEs) in PWH initiating ART. Design: We performed a nested case–control study of PWH enrolled from 2001 to 2009 and evaluated pre-ART (66 cases, 97 controls), a year post-ART (112 cases, 211 controls), and immediately preceding an event (89 cases, 162 controls). Events included myocardial infarction/stroke, malignancy, serious bacterial infection, or death. Methods: Plasma Gal-9 levels were assessed by ELISA. Conditional logistic regression assessed associations with NAEs and Spearman's correlations compared Gal-9 with other previously assessed biomarkers. Results: NAEs occurred at a median of 2.8 years (1.7–4.6) after ART initiation. Higher Gal-9 levels were associated with increased risk of NAEs at year 1 and preevent [odds ratio (OR) per 1 interquartile range = 1.4–1.6; all P < 0.05], specifically myocardial infarction/stroke at year 1 (OR = 1.9; P = 0.029). Gal-9 also correlated with multiple inflammatory and immune activation predictors of NAEs (all timepoints). Conclusion: Elevated Gal-9 levels are predictive of deleterious NAEs, particularly cardiovascular complications. Whether the Gal-9 pathway, potentially binding to its putative ligands, is active in the pathogenesis of these outcomes warrants further investigation to determine if targeting Gal-9 may slow or reverse the risk of NAEs.

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Galectin-9 as a biomarker of disease severity

Moar

Tandon

2021

Cellular Immunology

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Galectin-9 reflects the interferon signature and correlates with disease activity in systemic autoimmune diseases. Response to: ‘Biomarkers: to be or not to be’ by Yavuz and Rönnblom

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Galectin-9 as a biomarker for disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus

Galectin-9 as a biomarker for disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus

Plasma galectin-9 as a predictor of adverse non-AIDS events in persons with chronic HIV during suppressive antiretroviral therapy

Galectin-9 as a biomarker of disease severity

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