Galangin as an inflammatory response modulator: An updated overview and therapeutic potential

Thapa, Riya; Afzal, Obaid; Altamimi, Abdulmalik Saleh Alfawaz; Goyal, Ahsas; Almalki, Waleed Hassan; Alzarea, Sami I.; Kazmi, Imran; Jakhmola, Vikash; Singh, Sachin Kumar; Dua, Kamal; Gilhotra, Ritu; Gupta, Gaurav

doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110482

Cited by 62 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Through extensive research and clinical application, natural botanical remedies have demonstrated distinct efficacy and reduced toxicity in the treatment of various ailments, gaining gradual acceptance among individuals [ 10 , 11 ]. As one of the most active ingredients in A. officinarum , galangin has shown important effects in the prevention and treatment of many diseases, including but not limited to anti-cancer, regulation of apoptosis and inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases [ 12 – 20 ]. Given the limited research on the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of galangin in anti-inflammatory pain, this study aimed to evaluate its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects and explore its mechanism pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of galangin: a potential pathway to inhibit transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor activation

Lin,

Fu,

Wang

et al. 2024

Korean J Pain

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Background Galangin, commonly employed in traditional Chinese medicine for its diverse medicinal properties, exhibits potential in treating inflammatory pain. Nevertheless, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Methods Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups for 7 days a normal control group, a galangin-treated (25 and 50 mg/kg), and a positive control celecoxib (20 mg/kg). Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated using a hot plate test, acetic acid-induced writhing test, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability test, formalin-induced paw licking test, and carrageenan-induced paw swelling test. The interplay between galangin, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), NF-κB, COX-2, and TNF-α proteins was evaluated via molecular docking. COX-2, PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in serum were measured using ELISA after capsaicin administration (200 nmol/L). TRPV1 expression in the dorsal root ganglion was analyzed by Western blot. The quantities of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were assessed using qPCR. Results Galangin reduced hot plate-induced licking latency, acetic acid-induced contortions, carrageenan-triggered foot inflammation, and capillary permeability in mice. It exhibited favorable affinity towards TRPV1, NF-κB, COX-2, and TNF-α, resulting in decreased levels of COX-2, PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in serum following capsaicin stimulation. Galangin effectively suppressed the upregulation of TRPV1 protein and associated receptor neuropeptides CGRP and SP mRNA, while concurrently inhibiting the expression of NF-κB, TNF-α, COX-2, and PGE2 mRNA. Conclusions Galangin exerts its anti-inflammatory pain effects by inhibiting TRPV1 activation and regulating COX-2, NF-κB/TNF-α expression, providing evidence for the use of galangin in the management of inflammatory pain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of galangin: a potential pathway to inhibit transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor activation

Lin,

Fu,

Wang

et al. 2024

Korean J Pain

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“…59 In response to HSV-1 infection, the innate immune responses encompass the detection of viral elements by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), the initiation of immune reactions mediated by interferons (IFNs) through toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling pathways, and the engagement of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) -stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. 60,61 Notably, the transcription factor IRF8 has been identified as an essential component for the innate immune responses against DNA, including that from HSV-1, within monocytes. ligase, as a negative regulator of cGAS-mediated signalling, dampening the immune reaction to double-stranded DNA.…”

Section: Innate Immune Responses To Hsvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This evasion of the host's natural immune defences can be attributed to HSV‐1's capability to neutralise antiviral factors within the host 59 . In response to HSV‐1 infection, the innate immune responses encompass the detection of viral elements by pattern‐recognition receptors (PRRs), the initiation of immune reactions mediated by interferons (IFNs) through toll‐like receptor (TLR) signalling pathways, and the engagement of the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS) ‐ stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway 60,61 . Notably, the transcription factor IRF8 has been identified as an essential component for the innate immune responses against DNA, including that from HSV‐1, within monocytes 62 …”

Section: Immunological Responses To Hsv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunopathology of herpes simplex virus‐associated neuroinflammation: Unveiling the mysteries

Hussain,

Gupta,

Samuel

et al. 2023

Reviews in Medical Virology

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The immunopathology of herpes simplex virus (HSV)‐associated neuroinflammation is a captivating and intricate field of study within the scientific community. HSV, renowned for its latent infection capability, gives rise to a spectrum of neurological expressions, ranging from mild symptoms to severe encephalitis. The enigmatic interplay between the virus and the host's immune responses profoundly shapes the outcome of these infections. This review delves into the multifaceted immune reactions triggered by HSV within neural tissues, intricately encompassing the interplay between innate and adaptive immunity. Furthermore, this analysis delves into the delicate equilibrium between immune defence and the potential for immunopathology‐induced neural damage. It meticulously dissects the roles of diverse immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines, unravelling the intricacies of neuroinflammation modulation and its subsequent effects. By exploring HSV's immune manipulation and exploitation mechanisms, this review endeavours to unveil the enigmas surrounding the immunopathology of HSV‐associated neuroinflammation. This comprehensive understanding enhances our grasp of viral pathogenesis and holds promise for pioneering therapeutic strategies designed to mitigate the neurological ramifications of HSV infections.

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“…GAL is a neuropeptide that is essential for immune-inflammatory responses [17][18][19][20] . It is encoded by the GAL gene 21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased galanin-galanin receptor 1 signaling, inflammation, and insulin resistance are associated with affective symptoms and chronic fatigue syndrome due to Long COVID

Al Masoodi,

Radhi,

Abdalsada

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background. Long COVID (LC) patients frequently suffer from neuropsychiatric symptoms, including depression, anxiety, and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), relabeled as the physio-affective phenome of LC. Activated immune-inflammatory pathways and insulin resistance key play a role in these physio-affective symptoms due to LC. Aims: To examine the associations between the Hamilton Depression (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety (HAMA) and Fibro Fatigue (FF) Rating Scale scores and serum C-reactive protein (CRP), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), galanin-galanin receptor 1 (GAL-GALR1) signaling, insulin resistance, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI1), and damage biomarkers such as S100B and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in 90 subjects 3-6 months after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results. LC patients show higher HAMD, HAMA, and FF scores, CRP, PGE2, GAL-GALR1 signaling, insulin resistance, PAI1, NSE, and S100B than participants without LC. The HAMD/HAMA/FF scores were significantly correlated with PGE, CRP, GAL, GALR1, insulin resistance, and PAI1 levels, and a composite score based on peak body temperature (PBT) - oxygen saturation (SpO2) (PBT/SpO2 index) during the acute infectious phase. A large part of the variance in the affective and CFS symptoms (33.6%-42.0%) was explained by a combination of biomarkers; the top-3 most important biomarkers were GAL-GALR1 signaling, PGE2, and CRP. Inclusion of the PBT/SpO2 index increased the prediction considerably (55.3%-67.1%). The PBT/SpO2 index predicted the increases in GAL-GALR1 signaling. Conclusions. These findings suggest that the affective symptoms and CFS of Long COVID are largely the consequence of activated immune-inflammatory pathways, metabolic aberrations, and the severity of the inflammation during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Galangin as an inflammatory response modulator: An updated overview and therapeutic potential

Cited by 62 publications

References 78 publications

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of galangin: a potential pathway to inhibit transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor activation

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of galangin: a potential pathway to inhibit transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor activation

Immunopathology of herpes simplex virus‐associated neuroinflammation: Unveiling the mysteries

Increased galanin-galanin receptor 1 signaling, inflammation, and insulin resistance are associated with affective symptoms and chronic fatigue syndrome due to Long COVID

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