“…Many studies carried out only Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA), considering different research fields (Anselin, 1996;Unwin and Unwin;1998;Messner et al, 1999;Le Gallo and Ertur;2003). Among the ESDA procedures, the degree of spatial dependence can be measured by spatial indicators (Naizer et al, 2019). Over many decades, different authors proposed spatial indicators to corroborate the existence of spatial autocorrelation (Moran, 1950;Geary, 1954;Getis and Ord, 1992;Anselin, 1995).…”