Fusarium phytopathogens as insect mutualists

Berasategui, Aileen; Jagdale, Shounak; Salem, Hassan

doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1011497

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In addition, Trichoderma , known for various plant beneficial effects, including protection (of plants) from pathogenic microorganisms ( Sharma et al, 2017 ) and disease ( Woo et al, 2023 ), was found to be a dominant fungal genus in Fujian. On the other hand, certain types of Fusaria , a dominant fungal genus identified in the Xinjiang soil samples, are plant pathogens ( Berasategui et al, 2023 ). However, some Fusaria may have beneficial functions, such as organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling ( Mukjang et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the structure and diversity of fungal community in plant soil under different climatic and vegetation conditions

Liu,

Xiong,

Lin

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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IntroductionUnderstanding microbial communities in diverse ecosystems is crucial for unraveling the intricate relationships among microorganisms, their environment, and ecosystem processes. In this study, we investigated differences in the fungal community structure and diversity in soils from two contrasting climatic and vegetation conditions: the Xinjiang western China plateau and the Fujian southeastern coastal province.MethodsA total of 36 soil samples collected from two climatic regions were subjected to high-throughput ITS gene sequencing for fungal community analysis. In conjunction soil physicochemical properties were assessed and compared. Analyses included an examination of the relationship of fungal community structure to environmental factors and functional profiling of the community structure was using the FUNGuild pipeline.ResultsOur data revealed rich fungal diversity, with a total of 11 fungal phyla, 31 classes, 86 orders, 200 families, 388 genera, and 515 species identified in the soil samples. Distinct variations in the physicochemical properties of the soil and fungal community structure were seen in relation to climate and surface vegetation. Notably, despite a colder climate, the rhizosphere soil of Xinjiang exhibited higher fungal (α-)diversity compared to the rhizosphere soil of Fujian. β-diversity analyses indicated that soil heterogeneity and differences in fungal community structure were primarily influenced by spatial distance limitations and vegetation type. Furthermore, we identified dominant fungal phyla with significant roles in energy cycling and organic matter degradation, including members of the Sordariomycetes, Leotiomycetes, Archaeosporomycetes, and Agaricomycetes. Functional analyses of soil fungal communities highlighted distinct microbial ecological functions in Xinjiang and Fujian soils. Xinjiang soil was characterized by a focus on wood and plant saprotrophy, and endophytes, whereas in Fujian soil the fungal community was mainly associated with ectomycorrhizal interactions, fungal parasitism, and wood saprotrophy.DiscussionOur findings suggest fungal communities in different climatic conditions adapt along distinct patterns with, plants to cope with environmental stress and contribute significantly to energy metabolism and material cycling within soil-plant systems. This study provides valuable insights into the ecological diversity of fungal communities driven by geological and environmental factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the structure and diversity of fungal community in plant soil under different climatic and vegetation conditions

Liu,

Xiong,

Lin

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Clearly, the possible epidemiological role of some insects as occasional vectors of plant pathogenic species must be taken into careful consideration, even if the impact of Cladosporium spp. as plant pathogens is generally lower than other insect-associated fungi such as Fusarium [236].…”

Section: Other Ecological Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Cladosporium—Insect Relationships

Nicoletti,

Russo,

Becchimanzi

2024

JoF

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The range of interactions between Cladosporium, a ubiquitous fungal genus, and insects, a class including about 60% of the animal species, is extremely diverse. The broad case history of antagonism and mutualism connecting Cladosporium and insects is reviewed in this paper based on the examination of the available literature. Certain strains establish direct interactions with pests or beneficial insects or indirectly influence them through their endophytic development in plants. Entomopathogenicity is often connected to the production of toxic secondary metabolites, although there is a case where these compounds have been reported to favor pollinator attraction, suggesting an important role in angiosperm reproduction. Other relationships include mycophagy, which, on the other hand, may reflect an ecological advantage for these extremely adaptable fungi using insects as carriers for spreading in the environment. Several Cladosporium species colonize insect structures, such as galleries of ambrosia beetles, leaf rolls of attelabid weevils and galls formed by cecidomyid midges, playing a still uncertain symbiotic role. Finally, the occurrence of Cladosporium in the gut of several insect species has intriguing implications for pest management, also considering that some strains have proven to be able to degrade insecticides. These interactions especially deserve further investigation to understand the impact of these fungi on pest control measures and strategies to preserve beneficial insects.

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“…Many insect herbivores are also the vectors of plant diseases, including phytopathogenic fungi. For example, different Fusarium species have been frequently found as the mutualists of beetles and caterpillars, which benefits disease transmission [ 27 ]. The mycobiome analysis of the tortoise beetle Chelymorpha alternans revealed that this insect can be inhabited by Fusarium oxysporum throughout its lifecycle, including the conspicuous coating of beetle pupae by the fungus to confer defense against predators [ 28 ].…”

Section: Competitive Exclusion Among Epf and Between Efp And Other Fu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fights on the surface prior to fungal invasion of insects

Shang,

Hong,

Wang

2024

PLoS Pathog

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Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) infect insects by landing on and penetrating cuticles. Emerging evidence has shown that, prior to the invasion of insects, fungal cells have to battle and overcome diverse challenges, including the host behavioral defenses, colonization resistance mediated by ectomicrobiotas, host recognition, and generation of enough penetration pressure. The ascomycete EPF such as Metarhizium and Beauveria can thus produce adhesive proteins and/or the exopolysaccharide mucilage to tightly glue fungal cells on cuticles. Producing antimicrobial peptides and chemical compounds can enable EPF to outcompete cuticular defensive microbes. The use of divergent membrane receptors, accumulation, and quick degradation of lipid droplets in conidial cells can help EPF recognize proper hosts and build up cellular turgor to breach cuticles for systematic invasion. Further investigations are still required to unveil the multifaceted and intricate relationships between EPF and insect hosts.

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Fusarium phytopathogens as insect mutualists

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Assessing the structure and diversity of fungal community in plant soil under different climatic and vegetation conditions

Assessing the structure and diversity of fungal community in plant soil under different climatic and vegetation conditions

Cladosporium—Insect Relationships

Fights on the surface prior to fungal invasion of insects

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