Fungal Infections in Diabetics

Bonifáz, Alexandro; Armas-Vázquez, Aline; Tirado‐Sánchez, Andrés

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-72475-1_9

Cited by 1 publication

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“…With the increase of antifungal-resistant NAC species in recent years, the RVVC has become a significant health threat to women, especially those with diabetes [2,14]. However, the data on the prevalence of RVVC caused by NAC species among diabetic women is not much, as most studies were more focused on C. albicans and non-recurrent VVC [7,9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Frequency of Candida glabrata in Diabetic Women of Tehran with Recurrent and Non-recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Using PCR-RFLP Assay

Paknejadi

Bayat

Razavilar

2019

JoMMID

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INTRODUCTION Vaginitis is one of the most prevalent reproductive tract infections (RTIs) among sexually active women. Annually, about 340 million cases of curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) occur worldwide, mostly in developing countries [1, 2]. After bacterial infections, vulvovaginal candidiasis is believed to be responsible for approximately one-third of vaginitis cases [3, 4]. However, some studies indicate a higher prevalence of Candida infection compared to bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis [5, 6, 7]. About %75 of healthy women within the age range of 25-50 years have experienced non-recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) at least once in their lifetime, but 5% to 20% are prone to recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) at least four times during a year [7-9]. Candida species are part of normal flora in the skin, mucous membranes, and gastrointestinal tract; however, in the presence of predisposing factors, they can appear as an opportunistic agent causing severe infections. The most critical predisposing factors include immunosuppressive diseases, uncontrolled diabetes, high carbohydrate diet, pregnancy, lack of personal hygiene, estrogen contraceptives, high sexual activity or high-risk behaviors, prescription of improper drug, self-treatment and prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and corticosteroids, incomplete or extended use of antimycotics, and resistance of Candida species to azoles [10-13]. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the major risk factors for severe infections caused by different Candida species. Women with VVC and DM, particularly those with poorly controlled hyperglycemia, are prone to develop RVVC caused by nonalbicans Candida (NAC) species [14-16]. Non-recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis is an uncomplicated and mild disease which is mainly prevalent among healthy women infected with Candida albicans, while recurrent VVC is a complicated and more severe disease often caused by drugresistant NAC species in immunocompromised women [14-16]. Candida albicans is known as the primary cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis, however; today, NAC species, especially C. glabrata, which is intrinsically resistant to a vast range of azoles and antifungal compounds are on the Introduction: Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most common genital tract infections among women, especially in diabetic patients. The increasing prevalence of recurrent infections caused by drug-resistant non-albicans species necessitates further studies on diabetic patients and the identification of causative agents by reliable molecular techniques. The obtained results can assist in adopting proper treatment procedures and prevention of recurrent vulvovaginitis (RVVC). Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 150 vaginal discharge samples were collected from diabetic women suspected of candidiasis referring to health centers in Tehran province. Following the culture of samples on SDA, CHROMagar Candida and PCR-RFLP were used for presumptive and definitive identification of Candida species, respecti...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%