Fungal Communities, Succession, Enzymes, and Decomposition

Kjøller, Annelise; Struwe, Sten; Burns, Richard G.; Dick, Richard P.

doi:10.1201/9780203904039.ch10

Cited by 43 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…Though bacteria and fungi produce enzymes in the cellulose degradation pathway (GLU, GAL, CEL), fungi have been proposed to be responsible for the majority of GLU (Rhee et al 1987) and CEL (Baldrian and Šnajdr 2011;Kjøller and Struwe 2002) activities by secretion of these enzymes, in particular under notillage (van Capelle et al 2012;Zuber and Villamil 2016). Fungi can further influence GLM indirectly because this enzyme degrades chitin derived from fungal biomass (Parham and Deng 2000).…”

Section: Changes In Som Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical proxies indicate differences in soil C cycling induced by long-term tillage and residue management in a tropical agroecosystem

et al. 2017

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Background & aim A potential benefit of conservation agriculture (CA) is soil organic carbon (SOC) accrual, yet recent studies indicate limited or no i m p a c t o f C A o n t o t a l S O C i n tr o p i c a l agroecosystems. We evaluated biochemical indicators of soil C cycling after 9 years (18 seasons) of contrasting tillage with and without maize residue retention in western Kenya. Methods Potential activities of C-cycling enzymes (β-glucosidase, GLU; β-galactosidase, GAL; glucosaminidase, GLM; cellobiohydrolase, CEL), permanganate-oxidizable C (POXC), and soil organic matter (SOM) composition (by infrared spectroscopy) were measured.Results POXC tended to be greater under reduced tillage and residue retention, but did not significantly differ among treatments (≤ 2% of SOC). Despite no significant differences in SOC concentrations or stocks, activities of all 4 C-cycling enzymes responded strongly to tillage, and to a lesser extent to residue management. Activities of GLU, GAL, and GLM were greatest under the combination of reduced tillage and residue retention relative to other treatments. Reduced tillage produced an enrichment in carboxyl C = O (+6%) and decreased polysaccharide C-O (−3.5%) relative to conventional tillage irrespective of residue management. Conclusions Though enzyme activities and POXC are typically associated with SOC accrual, changes in soil C cycling at this site have not translated into significant differences in SOC after 9 years. Elevated enzyme activities may have offset potential SOC accumulation under CA. However, the ratio of C-cycling enzyme activities to SOC was higher under reduced tillage and residue retention relative to other treatments, indicating that stoichiometric scaling of SOC and enzyme activities does not explain absence of significant differences in SOC among tillage and residue managements. Potential factors that may explain the low SOC accrual rates in this tropical agroecosystem included the low, albeit realistic, levels of residue retention, nutrient limitations, and high temperatures favoring decomposition.

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Section: Changes In Som Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical proxies indicate differences in soil C cycling induced by long-term tillage and residue management in a tropical agroecosystem

et al. 2017

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“…It is assumed that high levels of activity reflect high soil quality, whereas low levels mean toxic effects. Nevertheless, the physiological bases of these assumptions remain to be determined in filamentous fungi, which represent one of the largest biomasses in terrestrial ecosystems [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the development of fungal biomarkers for metal ecotoxicity assessment: Case of Trametes versicolor exposed to copper

Lebrun

Trinsoutrot‐Gattin²,

Laval³

et al. 2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The relationship between the physiological state of fungi and the response of their functional system to metals is not known, limiting the use of fungal enzymes as tools for assessing metal ecotoxicity in terrestrial ecosystems. The present study attempts to establish how the development phases modulate the secretion of enzymes in the filamentous fungus Trametes versicolor after exposure to Cu. For that purpose, extracellular hydrolases (acid and alkaline phosphatases, aryl-sulfatase, beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase) and oxidoreductases (laccase, manganese and lignin peroxidases) were monitored in liquid cultures for 2 weeks. Copper was added during either the growth or the stationary phases at 20 or 200 ppm. Results of the present study showed that Cu at the highest concentration modifies the secretion of enzymes, regardless of the development phase to which the fungus was exposed. However, the sensitivity of enzyme responses to Cu depended on the phase development and the type of secreted enzyme. In a general way, the production of hydrolases was decreased by Cu, whereas that of oxidoreductases was highly increased. Furthermore, lignin peroxidase was not detected in control cultures and was specifically produced in the presence of Cu. In conclusion, fungal oxidoreductases may be enzymatic biomarkers of copper exposure for ecotoxicity assessment.

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“…In general, weak and aggressive pathogens dominate during the initial stages of degradation. Later, the material is more and more colonised by fungi that are specialised for saprotrophic growth (Frankland 1998;Kjöller and Struwe 2002). Fresh residue-colonising microorganisms are copiotrophs, which can be considered as rstrategists using easily available carbon sources and maximising their intrinsic growth rate when resources are abundant (Pianka 1970).…”

Section: Organisms' Succession During Residue Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight. A review

Leplat

Friberg

Abid

et al. 2012

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

150

109

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Fungal Communities, Succession, Enzymes, and Decomposition

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Biochemical proxies indicate differences in soil C cycling induced by long-term tillage and residue management in a tropical agroecosystem

Biochemical proxies indicate differences in soil C cycling induced by long-term tillage and residue management in a tropical agroecosystem

Insights into the development of fungal biomarkers for metal ecotoxicity assessment: Case of Trametes versicolor exposed to copper

Survival of Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight. A review

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