Functional surfaces, films, and coatings with lignin – a critical review

Ruwoldt, Jost; Blindheim, Fredrik Heen; Chinga-Carrasco, Gary

doi:10.1039/d2ra08179b

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 163 publications

(327 reference statements)

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“…Demethylation is the most commonly referred-to alkylation example since demethylated lignin’s are indeed a byproduct of the formation of DMSO. , The polar aprotic solvent DMSO is significant in the development and synthesis of polymers. By stripping the methyl groups from lignin, demethylated lignin and polyethylenimine were incorporated to develop a water-resistant wood adhesive .…”

Section: Modification Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin Modification for Enhanced Performance of Polymer Composites

Taher,

Wang,

Faridul Hasan

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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Section: Modification Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin Modification for Enhanced Performance of Polymer Composites

Taher,

Wang,

Faridul Hasan

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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“…Due to its appealing property of repelling water or moisture, it is used as a coating material where moisture resistance is crucial. 32 In the literature, PVP and cross-linkers are combined straight before being coated on the support membrane. Due to the as-coated membrane's limited permeability and selectivity, several researchers have created cross-linked PVP membranes for RO and NF applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to being hydrophilic, it enhances the antifouling properties of polymer membranes. , Due to its good performance, epichlorohydrin (ECH) is a cationic water-soluble additive that provides permanent wet strength in alkaline conditions. Due to its appealing property of repelling water or moisture, it is used as a coating material where moisture resistance is crucial …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanofiltration PVP Membrane with Gradient Cross-Linking for Efficient Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Removal

Ghanim,

Waqas,

Zeeshan

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants that may contaminate various water sources and pose serious dangers to human health and the environment. Due to their capacity for size-based separation, nanofiltration membranes have become efficient instruments for PAH removal. However, issues such as membrane fouling and ineffective rejection still exist. To improve PAH rejection while reducing fouling problems, this work created a new gradient crosslinking poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) nanofiltration membrane. The gradient cross-linking technique enhanced the rejection performance and antifouling characteristics of the membrane. The results demonstrated that the highest membrane flow was achieved at a 0.15% SDS-PVP membrane. There is a trade-off between membrane flux and salt rejection since salt rejection increases with SDS owing to the growth of big pores. The membrane flux was reduced for the 0.25% SDS-PVP membrane owing to poor SDS dispersion. The prepared membrane showed enhanced removal efficiencies for the removal of the PAH compounds. The PVP membrane has the potential to be used in several water treatment applications, improving water quality, and preserving the environment.

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“…To assess the usefulness of lignins as possible wax inhibitors, chemical modification is needed to increase the interactions between the biopolymer and the wax. The number of reported chemical modifications of lignin is vast and thoroughly reviewed, − and varies greatly according to the end application. For example, lignins designed as flame-retardants had their thermal and oxidative stability increased by phosphorylations, , and hydroxymethylation of lignin has been performed for viscosity modulation for uses as adhesives .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin-Based Wax Inhibitors

Heen Blindheim,

Syverud,

Ruwoldt

2024

Energy Fuels

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This article tested a novel concept for synthesizing green wax inhibitors. Four technical lignins were reacted with stearoyl chloride to produce esterified C18 esterified lignin. The effect of the reaction on the lignin molecular weight, characteristic FTIR spectra, and thermal degradation was surveyed. In addition, wax inhibition testing was performed by rheology on model waxy oils. The grafting reactions increased the mass-average molecular weight of the lignin and in some cases also the polydispersity index. FTIR analysis confirmed the success of esterification reactions as the O−H stretching band decreased, whereas the C−H and C�O stretching bands significantly increased. The thermal degradation was further found to occur at temperatures above 170 °C, indicating that the lignin wax inhibitors were thermally stable enough for crude oil production. The effect on waxy gelation was varied, showing that the low molecular weight waxes benefited more than the high molecular ones. A gelation point reduction of up to 6 °C was found after lignin addition. After the wax type, wax concentration, lignin concentration, and lignin type were varied, it was found that C18 esterified Kraft lignin exhibited the most beneficial effect. The results from viscometry agreed with the observations from the rheometric gelation point. Cross-polarized microscopy was used to map the effect on the wax crystal morphology. A difference was found only in the case of one esterified Kraft lignin, which yielded smaller and more finely dispersed wax crystals. In conclusion, a new wax inhibitor was synthesized by reacting technical lignin with stearoyl chloride. This lignin showed wax inhibitor activity in some of the tested cases. At this point, the length of the pendant alkyl chains (C18) is likely a limiting factor. However, this study attributes the potential for a new concept to synthesize green wax inhibitors.

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Functional surfaces, films, and coatings with lignin – a critical review

Abstract: Lignin can be modified and used in functional surfaces, films, and coatings.

Cited by 30 publications

References 163 publications

Lignin Modification for Enhanced Performance of Polymer Composites

Lignin Modification for Enhanced Performance of Polymer Composites

Nanofiltration PVP Membrane with Gradient Cross-Linking for Efficient Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Removal

Lignin-Based Wax Inhibitors

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