Functional Significance of Low‐Intensity Polyparasite Helminth Infections in Anemia

Ezeamama, Amara E.; Friedman, Jennifer F.; Olveda, Remigio M.; Acosta, Luz P.; Kurtis, Jonathan D.; Mor, Vincent; McGarvey, Stephen T.

doi:10.1086/498219

Cited by 128 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Anemia was not associated with significant intestinal parasites, in contrast to many studies. 27,28 However, it should be noted that parasites that cause anemia, especially helminthes, were less prevalent in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Prevalence of intestinal parasites in the elderly enrolled in the Family Health Strategy in Porto Alegre, Brazil

Engroff¹,

Ely²,

Silva³

et al. 2016

Geriatr., Gerontol. Aging

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RESUMOOBJETIVO: A prevalência de enteroparasitoses é pouco relatada em estudos com a população idosa. Sendo assim, esse estudo teve como objetivo identificar a prevalência de enteroparasitoses associadas a fatores sociodemográficos e de saúde em idosos da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, realizado com uma amostra aleatória de idosos da ESF do município de Porto Alegre. A coleta de dados foi realizada pelos agentes comunitários de saúde, que aplicaram um questionário geral de inquérito epidemiológico. A coleta de sangue e fezes foi realizada pela equipe do projeto, na unidade de saúde onde o idoso estava cadastrado. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 581 idosos e a prevalência de enteroparasitoses foi de 10,8%. Os parasitos encontrados foram: Endolimax nana (42,7%), Entamoeba coli (33,8%), Giardia lamblia (8,8%), Ascaris lumbricoides (5,9%), Strongyloides stercoralis (4,4%), Trichuris trichiura (2,9%) e Iodamoeba bütschlii (1,5%). CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de enteroparasitoses foi baixa quando comparada com outros estudos e com predomínio de parasitos não patogênicos. Esses achados sugerem a possibilidade de transmissão interpessoal, contaminação ambiental ou mesmo a ocorrência de ingestão de alimentos ou água contaminados. Estes resultados ressaltam a importância da implementação de medidas relacionadas ao saneamento básico e programas contínuos de educação sanitária na comunidade estudada. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: enteropatias parasitárias; idoso; saúde pública. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE:There are few studies on intestinal parasitic infections in elderly populations. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites and identify the association between this prevalence and the sociodemographic, environmental, and health factors of the elderly attended by the Family Health Strategy (FHS). METHOD: This cross-sectional study involved the analysis of data collected from a random sample of elderly individuals. Community health workers drafted a general questionnaire to collect epidemiological data. The project team also collected blood and stool samples at the healthcare unit where each individual was enrolled. RESULTS: Among 581 elderly people, the prevalence of intestinal parasites was 10.8%. The parasites found were as follows: Endolimax nana (42.7%), Entamoeba coli (33.8%), Giardia lamblia (8.8%), Ascaris lumbricoides (5.9%), Strongyloides stercoralis (4.4%), Trichuris trichiura (2.9%), and Iodamoeba bütschlii (1.5%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of intestinal parasites in elderly persons was lower than that reported in other studies, and the parasites identified were predominantly non-pathogenic. The findings suggest the possibility that interpersonal transmission, environmental contamination, or the ingestion of contaminated food or water is occurring in this population. These findings also highlight the importance of the ongoing implementation of sanitation and hygiene education programs in this community.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Prevalence of intestinal parasites in the elderly enrolled in the Family Health Strategy in Porto Alegre, Brazil

Engroff¹,

Ely²,

Silva³

et al. 2016

Geriatr., Gerontol. Aging

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“…22 Higher prevalences of low-intensity helminth infections could also have far-reaching consequences on burden estimates because recent studies point to significant morbidity associated with even light infection intensities. 30 The encouraging results obtained with the FLOTAC method for diagnosis of common soil-transmitted helminths call for further development and sequential validation steps. An issue that warrants particular investigation is to elucidate reasons for the significant differences observed in mean hookworm and T. trichiura infection intensities when comparing FLOTAC with Kato-Katz.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A single FLOTAC is more sensitive than triplicate Kato–Katz for the diagnosis of low-intensity soil-transmitted helminth infections

Knopp

Rinaldi

Khamis

et al. 2009

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygi

136

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a v a i l a b l e a t w w w . s c i e n c e d i r e c t . c o m j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r h e a l t h . c o m / j o u r n a l s / t r s t SummaryAccurate diagnostic tools are pivotal for patient management and surveillance of helminth control programmes, particularly in the current era of preventive chemotherapy. Three consecutive stool samples were obtained from 279 schoolchildren from Zanzibar, an island where anthelminthic drugs have been administered on a large scale for more than a decade. All stool samples were examined with the Kato-Katz method. Additionally, one sample per child was preserved in sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin solution, and examined with the FLOTAC technique. Considering the pooled results of both methods as diagnostic 'gold' standard, the observed prevalences of Trichuris trichiura, hookworm and Ascaris lumbricoides were 63.4, 35.8 and 22.9%, respectively. The sensitivity of examining a single stool sample by FLOTAC for diagnosing T. trichiura, hookworm and A. lumbricoides was 88.7, 83.0 and 82.8%, respectively. Lower sensitivities were observed for Kato-Katz even after examining three stool samples: 71.8, 46.0 and 70.3%, respectively. Kato-Katz revealed considerably higher infection intensities than FLOTAC. The agreement between a single FLOTAC and triplicate Kato-Katz was 0.63 for diagnosing A. lumbricoides and 0.50 for T. trichiura, but only 0.30 for hookworm.

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“…Furthermore, although most studies have shown that the risk of anemia is much greater among children with moderate-to high-intensity hookworm infections, the presence of multiple low-intensity infections with helminths also increases the risk for anemia. 26 Given the very high prevalence of low-intensity helminth infections globally, praziquantel may further limit anemia-related morbidity by reducing the number of children coinfected with multiple helminths at low intensity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction in Hookworm Infection after Praziquantel Treatment among Children and Young Adults in Leyte, the Philippines

Shaw

Aggarwal²,

Acosta³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. One small previous study found that praziquantel reduced hookworm infection. In this study, 607 subjects were enrolled in a longitudinal study. At enrollment and every 3 months for 18 months, three stool samples were collected, and the intensity of infection with Schistosoma japonicum and soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) was quantified. All subjects were treated with 60 mg/kg praziquantel at baseline. Three months post-treatment, the percent of subjects who were hookworm-infected decreased to 46.5% from 61% at baseline. The putative cure rate was 23.7%. The 95% confidence interval around the change in hookworm egg counts from baseline to 6 and 12 months posttreatment was negative and did not include zero. The percent reduction in hookworm egg counts from baseline to 3 months post-treatment was 40.8%. Praziquantel treatment did not decrease the infection intensity of STHs. Control programs using praziquantel may have the added benefit of reducing hookworm infection and anemia in areas of coendemnicity.

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Functional Significance of Low‐Intensity Polyparasite Helminth Infections in Anemia

Cited by 128 publications

References 62 publications

Prevalence of intestinal parasites in the elderly enrolled in the Family Health Strategy in Porto Alegre, Brazil

Prevalence of intestinal parasites in the elderly enrolled in the Family Health Strategy in Porto Alegre, Brazil

A single FLOTAC is more sensitive than triplicate Kato–Katz for the diagnosis of low-intensity soil-transmitted helminth infections

Reduction in Hookworm Infection after Praziquantel Treatment among Children and Young Adults in Leyte, the Philippines

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