Functional response of the soil microbial community to biochar applications

Xu, Wenhuan; Whitman, William B.; Gundale, Michael J.; Chien, Chuan-Chi; Chiu, Chih‐Yu

doi:10.1111/gcbb.12773

Cited by 64 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Different bacterial species show a different level of tolerance to salt even under the same phylum ( Yang et al, 2021 ). The response of the microbial community to biochar application is dependent on its type, duration, soil conditions, and properties, such as biochar pH and pyrolysis temperature ( Cho et al, 2016 ; Fan et al, 2020 ; Xu et al, 2021 ). Zhang et al (2021) has reported that increasing some phylum (Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimondetes, and Firmicutes) and bacterial communities showed tolerance and strongly structured with increasing salinity stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedlings Rhizosphere Microbial Community as Responded to Acidic Biochar Amendment Under Saline Conditions

et al. 2021

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Biochar has extensively been used for multiple purposes in agriculture, including improving soil microbial biomass. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of acidic biochar on maize seedlings’ rhizosphere bacterial abundance under salinity. There were seven treatments and three replicates in a controlled greenhouse coded as B0S1, B1S1, and B2S1 and B0S2, B1S2, and B2S2. CK is control (free of biochar and salt); B0, B1, and B2 are 0, 15, and 30 g biochar (kg soil)–1; and S1 and S2 are 2.5 and 5 g salt pot–1 that were amended, respectively. After harvesting the maize seedlings, the soil samples were collected and analyzed for soil microbial biomass, bacterial abundance, and diversity. The results revealed that relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi increased on phylum level, whereas Actinomarinales, Alphaproteobacteria, and Streptomyces enhanced on genus level, respectively, in B2S1 and B2S2, when compared with CK and non-biochar amended soil under saline conditions. The relative abundance of Actinomarinales was positively correlated with total potassium (TK) and Gematimonadetes negatively correlated with total phosphorus (TP). Biochar addition slightly altered the Ace1, Chao1, and alpha diversity. Principal component analysis corresponded to the changes in soil bacterial community that were closely associated with biochar when compared with CK and salt-treated soils. In conclusion, acidic biochar showed an improved soil microbial community under salinity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedlings Rhizosphere Microbial Community as Responded to Acidic Biochar Amendment Under Saline Conditions

et al. 2021

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“…However, the magnitude and the consequence of biochar amendments is variable and depends not only on the physical and chemical properties of the biochar but also on the biological, physical, and chemical properties of the recipient soil (Liu et al 2016). A recent meta-analysis suggests that biochar additions generally increase the abundance of AM fungi and decrease the abundance of actinomycetes (Xu et al 2021). Previous studies with Formosa mine tailings support this suggestion, demonstrating that biochar-based amendments influence the microbial composition of the E. glaucus rhizosphere by increasing fungal biomass and decreasing actinomycete biomass (Trippe et al 2021).…”

Section: Biochar Amendments Influence Soil Microbial Communities and ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Can locally sourced inoculum and biochar synergistically improve the establishment of mycorrhizal fungi in mine tailings?

Frewert

Trippe

Cheeke

2021

Restoration Ecology

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The severely degraded soils at abandoned mine lands present several environmental challenges, including extreme pH, nutrient deficiency, and compaction, which can limit plant growth. Amending soils with biochar and/or mycorrhizal fungi may attenuate these constraints. However, the efficacy of amendments for improving the establishment of native plant species in restorations can be context dependent; pairing the right plant species with the right amendment is crucial to the success of restoration goals. In a greenhouse experiment, we evaluated the growth responses of two native plant species in soils collected from the Formosa Mine Superfund Site (Riddle, OR, U.S.A.). Seedlings of Elymus glaucus and Pseudotsuga menziesii were grown in tailings amended with biochar, locally collected rhizosphere soil containing a suite of soil microorganisms including mycorrhizal fungi, a combination of biochar and rhizosphere soil, or were unamended. We hypothesized that (1) individual amendments would increase plant biomass compared to controls and ( 2) that the co-amended treatments would have a synergistic effect on plant growth. Instead, we detected no effect of rhizosphere soil or the co-amendment on the growth of either plant species and found that biochar reduced the shoot biomass and leaf chlorophyll content of E. glaucus. Despite the lack of growth response, we observed significant rates of mycorrhizal colonization in the plants amended with local rhizosphere soil, demonstrating that locally sourced fungi can survive and proliferate in the amended Formosa tailings. Thus, inoculated seedlings of native plant species could provide essential ground cover and long-term habitat for developing mycorrhizal communities in mine tailings.

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“…On the other side, Steinbeiss et.al [97] investigated that yeast-derived and glucosederived biochar exposure to soil increased the respiration rate of soil microbes. Xu et.al [111] analyzed the reasons for the diversity of reactions of soil's heterotrophic respiration to biochar and found that biochar properties and amounts, climate conditions, exposure methods, and time make a difference. In another detailed study, the regulation of microbe community structure by biochar was analyzed.…”

Section: Artificial Carbon Materials Advance the Microbialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Materials Advancing Microorganisms in Driving Soil Organic Carbon Regulation

2022

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Carbon emission from soil is not only one of the major sources of greenhouse gases but also threatens biological diversity, agricultural productivity, and food security. Regulation and control of the soil carbon pool are political practices in many countries around the globe. Carbon pool management in engineering sense is much bigger and beyond laws and monitoring, as it has to contain proactive elements to restore active carbon. Biogeochemistry teaches us that soil microorganisms are crucial to manage the carbon content effectively. Adding carbon materials to soil is thereby not directly sequestration, as interaction of appropriately designed materials with the soil microbiome can result in both: metabolization and thereby nonsustainable use of the added carbon, or—more favorably—a biological amplification of human efforts and sequestration of extra CO2 by microbial growth. We review here potential approaches to govern soil carbon, with a special focus set on the emerging practice of adding manufactured carbon materials to control soil carbon and its biological dynamics. Notably, research on so-called “biochar” is already relatively mature, while the role of artificial humic substance (A-HS) in microbial carbon sequestration is still in the developing stage. However, it is shown that the preparation and application of A-HS are large biological levers, as they directly interact with the environment and community building of the biological soil system. We believe that A-HS can play a central role in stabilizing carbon pools in soil.

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Functional response of the soil microbial community to biochar applications

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 64 publications

References 93 publications

Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedlings Rhizosphere Microbial Community as Responded to Acidic Biochar Amendment Under Saline Conditions

Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedlings Rhizosphere Microbial Community as Responded to Acidic Biochar Amendment Under Saline Conditions

Can locally sourced inoculum and biochar synergistically improve the establishment of mycorrhizal fungi in mine tailings?

Carbon Materials Advancing Microorganisms in Driving Soil Organic Carbon Regulation

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