Functional<i>NPY</i>Variation as a Factor in Stress Resilience and Alcohol Consumption in Rhesus Macaques

Lindell, Stephen G.; Schwandt, Melanie L.; Sun, Hui; Sparenborg, Jeffrey D.; Björk, Karl; Kasckow, John; Sommer, Wolfgang; Goldman, David; Higley, J. Dee; Suomi, Stephen J.; Heilig, Markus; Barr, Christina S.

doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.23

Cited by 62 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…These findings suggest that NPY-1 receptor activation in the hippocampus is involved in, or even critical for, the development of resilience after stress exposure. These results are in agreement with previous reports of association of NPY plasma levels and resilience to traumatic stress in human subjects (Yehuda et al, 2006) and polymorphisms in the NPY gene and resilience in non-human primates (Lindell et al, 2010). Where the study by Cohen et al (2011) adds to the literature about NPY and resilience is the specific mechanism and the neuroanatomical region (ie, enhanced activation of the NPY1 receptor in the…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

Expanding Our Understanding of Neurobiological Mechanisms of Resilience by Using Animal Models

Liberzon

2011

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The original conceptualization of stress and the stress response has been developed based on the understanding that certain environmental exposures and life events can be both detrimental to individual's health and wellbeing, and also promote physiological responses that can be adaptive. Interestingly, until recently, the majority of translational research focused on neurobiological processes involved in the abnormal or altered stress response, on the vulnerability to stress, or the negative consequences of stress. Only recently the field started focusing on the concept of resilience, exploring the possibility that, similarly to stress vulnerability, there could be unique mechanisms involved in resilience to stress. Defining resilience has not been easy and within clinical research, resilience often refers to the ability of an organism to deal with, or adapt to, the pathological effects of stress. This seemingly subtle shift in research focus actually has immediate and substantial implications to stress research, as it suggests that some individuals are particularly adept to dealing with stressful situations, and if we examine this subgroup of individuals, we are likely to find different or compensatory changes, or changes in biological processes that are diametrically opposed to those found in stress-vulnerable individuals.It has long been known that significant individual variability in vulnerability to severe stress or trauma exists with respect to the development of psychiatric consequences like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), however, the resilience perspective might suggest that this can be accounted for by individual variability in resilience. Insofar as the mechanisms of vulnerability and resilience do not overlap completely, the study of the neurobiology of resilience is not simply a mirror of the study of stress vulnerability, but it could offer new perspectives on pathophysiology or treatment of stress-induced anxiety disorders such as PTSD and depression. Together with the study of stress vulnerability, understanding the neurobiology of resilience could provide a more comprehensive picture in the service of understanding pathophysiology, development of new treatments for stress-induced psychiatric disorders, and identifying markers for primary and secondary prevention. More importantly, if individuals who have low levels of resilience can be treated in such a manner so as to increase their levels of resilience, this could greatly reduce the incidence of stress-induced psychiatric disorders.Understanding the neurobiology of resilience in clinical research can be hindered by ethical constraints, but can be readily explored by employing animal models of stress and trauma. One promising approach for studying the neurobiology of resilience is the use of the cut-off behavioral criteria (CBC), as proposed by Cohen et al. This method, here applied to predator-odor-exposed animals that are later tested for startle and anxiety behavior, allows for identification of not only vulnerable groups (extreme be...

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supporting

confidence: 92%

Expanding Our Understanding of Neurobiological Mechanisms of Resilience by Using Animal Models

Liberzon

2011

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…129 Polymorphisms in the NPY promoter region have been implicated in susceptibility to alcohol consumption. [130][131][132][133] …”

Section: Ptsd Substance Abuse and Addictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropeptide Y and posttraumatic stress disorder

2012

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“…Lindell ve arkadaşları rh-NPY genindeki varyantların stres esnekliğini etkileyebileceğini bulmuşlardır. [41] Zhou ve arkadaşları tek nükleotit polimorfizminin NPY ekspresyonunu invitro olarak değiştirdiği, promoter bölgede yerleşmiş olduğunu, invitro olarak da yarıdan fazlasının invivo ekspresyonun varyasyonu olduğunu göstermişlerdir. Bu farklı bulgular NPY'nin anksiyolitik peptit olduğunu ve kişiler arasında stres esnekliğini nasıl değiştir-diğini göstermiş ve birçok hastalık için bir risk faktörü olduğunu doğrulamış-tır.…”

Section: Vulnerabilite (Zedelenebilirlik) Ve Esneklikunclassified

“…[59] Alkol Tüketimi Düşük NPY plazma düzeyi veya düşük NPY ekspresyonu olan bireylerde stres esnekliğinin azaldığı, stresle ilişkili bozukluklara yatkınlığın arttığı bulunmuş-tur. [41] Travmatik yaşantıları olan, stres düzeylerinin arttığı bireylerde potansiyel olarak alkol bağımlığı riski artmıştır. NPY varyasyonları ve alkol bağımlı-ğı ilişkisinin uzun süreli alkol kullananlarda ve gazilerde geniş bir örneklemde gösterilmiştir.…”

Section: Nöropeptid Y'nin çEşitli Psikiyatrik Ve Fiziksel Süreçlerle unclassified

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Neuropeptide Y and Stress

Gülsün¹,

Tamam²

2012

Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychia

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ÖZETStres ve bireysel baş etme yetilerinin nörobiyolojik yönü birçok araştırmacının ilgi odağı olmuştur. Bir dizi çalışmada genetik değişkenler ile strese tepki düzeyleri ve yaşam olayları arasında bir ilişki olduğu gösterilmiştir. Nöropeptid Y stres esnekliğini düzenleyen sistemlerden biridir. Uzun süreli ya da tekrarlayan stres durumlarında nöropeptid Y beynin anahtar bölgelerinden salınır. Bu sistem stresle ilgili bozukluklara yatkınlığı farklı kişilerde farklı esneklikte işleyiş gösterir. Gen-çevre etkileşimleri için özellikle ilgi çekici olan strese duyarlı sinyal moleküllerini kodlayan genlerin değişimidir. Bu durum strese yatkınlığa ya da esnekliğe katkıda bulunabilir. Nöropeptid Y sistemi de strese davranışsal uyumda anahtar rol oynamaktadır. Nöropeptid Y düzeyinin azalmış olması tedaviye dirençli depresyonda ve travma sonrası stres bozukluğunda da gözlenmiştir. Düşük nöropeptid Y ekspresyonunun ya da strese yanıt olarak nöropeptid Y sisteminin yeterince işlevsel olmaması ve sonucunda ortaya çıkan stres esnekliğinin az olması stresle ilişkili bozukluklara yatkınlığı arttırabilmektedir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Nöropeptid Y, stres, stres esnekliği ABSTRACTThe neurobiological aspects of stress and coping skills has been the focus of interest for many researchers. Some of the studies has shown that there is a significant relationship among genetically variables, stress response and life events. Neuropeptide Y is one of the systems regulating the stress response. Under the prolonged or repeated trauma neuropeptide Y is released from the brain's key areas. This system shows different levels of functioning in individuals with different levels of resilience. There is particular interest in the variations of genes that encode stress-sensitive signaling molecules during geneenvironment interaction. This condition may contribute to susceptibility of stress or stress resilience. Neuropeptide Y system plays a key role in the adaptation to behavioral stress. The reduced levels of neuropeptide Y have also been observed in treatment-resistant depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Lower level of neuropeptide Y expression and dysfunctional neuro-

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FunctionalNPYVariation as a Factor in Stress Resilience and Alcohol Consumption in Rhesus Macaques

Cited by 62 publications

References 62 publications

Expanding Our Understanding of Neurobiological Mechanisms of Resilience by Using Animal Models

Expanding Our Understanding of Neurobiological Mechanisms of Resilience by Using Animal Models

Neuropeptide Y and posttraumatic stress disorder

Neuropeptide Y and Stress

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