Functional delay of myelination of auditory delay lines in the nucleus laminaris of the barn owl

Cheng, Shih-Min; Carr, Catherine

doi:10.1002/dneu.20541

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…1A) is composed of axons originating in NM and projecting to an isofrequency lamina in NL. This organization has been clearly shown for the high-frequency regions of NL above ϳ3 kHz (Carr and Konishi 1990;Boudreau 1993b, 1996;Kubke et al 2002;Cheng and Carr 2007). Each isofrequency lamina contains the axons of many NM neurons forming a two-dimensional slab of brain tissue of ϳ700 ϫ 2,500 m in size.…”

Section: Outline Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Similar predictions have been made for the barn owl, where myelination of the delay line axons occurs in at least two steps/periods of development. Myelination of the auditory nerve and NM axons up to the borders of NL occurs early in development, while myelination of the v c,d and v i,d segments coincides with the period of head growth and attainment of stable ITD cues (Cheng and Carr 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adaptive, or developmental, regulation of latency should occur in all ITD circuits, since circuits are formed before auditory cues stabilize (for reviews, see Kubke and Carr 2005;Rubel and Fritzsch 2002;Cheng and Carr 2007;Parks and Rubel 2004;Seidl et al 2014). Latency regulation may take place at all levels of the ITD detection circuit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent work by Seidl et al (2014) suggests that velocity is regulated differentially in ipsi-and contralateral portions of the efferent axons, and speculates on neuron-glia interactions as a possible mechanism for synchronization, although the precise method of modulation remains unclear (Cheng and Carr 2007). Mechanisms of input synchronization are similarly obscure in the mammalian equivalent of the NL, the medial superior olive (Karino et al 2011).…”

Section: Barn Owls Are Nocturnal Huntersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A functional circuit model of interaural time difference processing

McColgan

Shah

Köppl

et al. 2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Inputs from the two sides of the brain interact to create maps of interaural time difference (ITD) in the nucleus laminaris of birds. How inputs from each side are matched with high temporal precision in ITD-sensitive circuits is unknown, given the differences in input path lengths from each side. To understand this problem in birds, we modeled the geometry of the input axons and their corresponding conduction velocities and latencies. Consistent with existing physiological data, we assumed a common latency up to the border of nucleus laminaris. We analyzed two biological implementations of the model, the single ITD map in chickens and the multiple maps of ITD in barn owls. For binaural inputs, since ipsi-and contralateral initial common latencies were very similar, we could restrict adaptive regulation of conduction velocity to within the nucleus. Other model applications include the simultaneous derivation of multiple conduction velocities from one set of measurements and the demonstration that contours with the same ITD cannot be parallel to the border of nucleus laminaris in the owl. Physiological tests of the predictions of the model demonstrate its validity and robustness. This model may have relevance not only for auditory processing but also for other computational tasks that require adaptive regulation of conduction velocity. auditory brain stem; axons; conduction velocity; models; sound localization

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Section: Outline Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Barn Owls Are Nocturnal Huntersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A functional circuit model of interaural time difference processing

McColgan

Shah

Köppl

et al. 2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…Furthermore, the connections from the nucleus magnocellularis to the nucleus laminaris (the major input source to the ITD processing pathway) matures at about posthatch day 30 (Cheng and Carr 2007;Carr and Boudreau 1996), and the maturation of the acoustical properties of the head is achieved at ϳ2 mo (Haresign and Moiseff 1998). Thus extensive developmental processes must take place during the first 2 mo of life to form a functionally mature map.…”

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confidence: 99%

Early life exposure to noise alters the representation of auditory localization cues in the auditory space map of the barn owl

Efrati

Gutfreund

2011

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Efrati A, Gutfreund Y. Early life exposure to noise alters the representation of auditory localization cues in the auditory space map of the barn owl. J Neurophysiol 105: 2522-2535, 2011. First published March 2, 2011 doi:10.1152/jn.00078.2011The auditory space map in the optic tectum (OT) (also known as superior colliculus in mammals) relies on the tuning of neurons to auditory localization cues that correspond to specific sound source locations. This study investigates the effects of early auditory experiences on the neural representation of binaural auditory localization cues. Young barn owls were raised in continuous omnidirectional broadband noise from before hearing onset to the age of ϳ65 days. Data from these birds were compared with data from age-matched control owls and from normal adult owls (Ͼ200 days). In noise-reared owls, the tuning of tectal neurons for interaural level differences and interaural time differences was broader than in control owls. Moreover, in neurons from noise-reared owls, the interaural level differences tuning was biased towards sounds louder in the contralateral ear. A similar bias appeared, but to a much lesser extent, in age-matched control owls and was absent in adult owls. To follow the recovery process from noise exposure, we continued to survey the neural representations in the OT for an extended period of up to several months after removal of the noise. We report that all the noise-rearing effects tended to recover gradually following exposure to a normal acoustic environment. The results suggest that deprivation from experiencing normal acoustic localization cues disrupts the maturation of the auditory space map in the OT. interaural level difference; interaural time difference; superior colliculus; acoustic deprivation

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The emerging functions of oligodendrocytes in regulating neuronal network behaviour

Hoz

Simons

2014

BioEssays

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Myelin is required for efficient nerve conduction, but not all axons are myelinated to the same extent. Here we review recent studies that have revealed distinct myelination patterns of different axonal paths, suggesting that myelination is not an all or none phenomenon and that its presence is finely regulated in central nervous system networks. Whereas powerful reductionist biology has led to important knowledge of how oligodendrocytes function by themselves, little is known about their role in neuronal networks. We still do not understand how oligodendrocytes integrate information from neurons to adapt their function to the need of the system. An intricate cross talk between neurons and glia is likely to exist and to determine how neuronal circuits operate as a whole. Dissecting these mechanisms by using integrative systems biology approaches is one of the major challenges ahead.

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Functional delay of myelination of auditory delay lines in the nucleus laminaris of the barn owl

Cited by 30 publications

References 76 publications

A functional circuit model of interaural time difference processing

A functional circuit model of interaural time difference processing

Early life exposure to noise alters the representation of auditory localization cues in the auditory space map of the barn owl

The emerging functions of oligodendrocytes in regulating neuronal network behaviour

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